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The  Scottish  Terrier 


Tlie  Irisli  Terrier 


JAME5    E.    GREEN. 


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Webster  Family  Library  of  Veterinary  IWedicine 
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North  Grafton,  MA  01536 


THE  SCOTTISH  TERRIER 


AND 


THE  IRISH  TERRIER. 


Their  History,  Characteristics  and  Development 
to  the  present  standard,  etc. 


Compiled  and   Published  by 

JAMES     E.     GREEN 

WEST     MEDFORD, 
MASS. 


Geo.  R.  Willis,  Printer,  8  Friend  St.,  Boston, 


^i 


Copyright,  1S94. 


PART    I. 


THE  SCOTTISH  TERRIER. 


PREFACE. 


The  compiler  of  this  short  essay  on  the  Scottish  Terrier 
has  given  nothing  but  what  has  been  taken  from  well-known 
writers  upon  the  breed.  .  His  intention  has  been  to  give  their 
origin,  their  use  as  both  house-dogs  and  field- workers,  and, 
in  a  w^ay,  to  answer  the  question  so  often  asked,  —  What 
claim  has  the  present  dog  seen  at  shows  to  be  called  a  Scot- 
tish terrier  ?  That  he  is  of  old  descent  seems  clearly  proven. 
They  have  remained  longer  in  Scotland  than  the  old  Scotch 
terrier  so  well  known  in  America  twenty  years  ago.  Captain 
Mackie,  who  made,  some  years  ago,  a  trip  through  the  West- 
ern Highlands,  to  gain  information  about  these  gamey  little 
dogs  from  men  who  had  them  for  work,  says  : 

"  Knocking  about  amidst  uild  scenery,  and  among  Gaelic-speaking 
folks,  I  have  come  across  those  who  looked  upon  me  as  terrier  daft ; 
others  fancied  I  was  a  blackguard  dog-tax  collector;  while  others  recip- 
rocated my  liking  for  the  wee  dog,  and  gave  me  all  the  information  they 
possessed.     It  is  this  information,  along  with  what  I  have  seen,  that  I 


PREFACE.  5 

desire  to  convey  to  the  reader.  I  cannot  immor-talize  the  '  die-hards,' 
as  Sir  Walter  did  the  Dandies ;  but  if  I  describe  the  types  of  terriers 
that  I  have  seen,  tell  who  they  belong  to,  and  what  they  are  used  for,  I 
may  be  doing  the  breed  a  service." 

These  notes  are  compiled  in  the  same  spirit  as  Captain 
Mackie  wrote  his,  and  with  the  hope  that  one  of  the  best 
httle  dogs  will  soon  take  the  highest  place  among  "  the 
fancy,"  the  lovers  of  true  sport,  and  the  general  public,  as 
his  worth  deserves. 


SCOTIA'S    TOWSY    TYKE. 


I  ken  the  terrier  o'  the  North, 

I  ken  the  towsy  tyke  ; 
Ye'll  search  fra  Tweed  to  Sussex'  shore, 

But  never  find  his  like 

For  pluck  and  pith,  and  jaw  and  teeth, 

And  hair,like  heather  cowes, 
^Yi'  body  lang  and  low  and  Strang, 

At  hame  in  cairns  or  knowes. 

He'll  face  a  foumert,  draw  a  brock, 

Kill  rats  and  whiterits  by  the  score  ; 
He'll  bang  tod-lowrie  frae  his  hole, 

Or  stay  him  at  his  door. 

He'll  range  for  days,  and  ne'er  be  tired. 

O'er  mountain,  moor  or  fell ; 
Fair  play,  I'll  back  the  brave  wee  chap 

To  fecht  the  de'il  himsel'. 

And  yet  beneath  his  rugged  coat 

A  heart  beats  warm  and  true ; 
He'll  help  to  herd  the  sheep  and  kye. 

And  mind  the  lammies,  too. 

Then  see  him  at  the  ingle  side, 

^Vith  bairnies  roond  him  lauchin' ; 
Was  ever  dog  sae  pleased  as  he, 

Sae  fond  o'  fun  and  daffin' .'' 

But  gie's  your  hand,  my  Hielan'  man, 

Guid  faith  !  we  maunna  sever  ; 
Then,  "  Here's  to  Scotia's  best  o'  dogs, 

Oor  towsy  tyke  for  ever." 

(Gordon  Stables,  M.  I). 


THE    SCOTTISH    TERRIER. 


D.  I.  Thomson  Gray  writes  in  "The  Dogs  of  Scotland"  : 

"Towards  the  close  of  the  famous  Skye  terrier  controversy  in 
English  journals  devoted  to  canine  subjects  and  field  sports,  and  when 
the  editors  of  the  various  papers  through  which  it  was  dragged  refused 
to  print  any  more  letters  on  the  subject,  a  fresh  disciission  arose  on  the 
'  Scotch '  terrier.  At  first  the  letters  attracted  little  attention  beyond 
the  small  circle  of  those  interested. 

"  Scottie's  admirers,  however,  had  adopted  for  their  motto,  '  Perse- 
vere and  succeed,'  and  stuck  doggedly  to  their  purpose,  and  persistently 
kept  writing,  till  they  attracted  attention.  Although  scant  justice  was 
often  done  them,  and  they  were  sometimes  beaten  off  by  editorial 
authority,  they  returned  again  and  again  to  the  charge,  each  time  secur- 
ing some  little  encouragement  to  renew  their  exertions.  With  such 
persistency  did  they  pursue  this  line  of  action  that  it  was  said  of  them, 
'they  would,  mite  by  mite,  beg  a  cheese.'  By  and  by  the  'fanciers  '  of 
what  they  called  the  pure  and  unadulterated  Skye  joined  the  ranks,  and 
the  discussion  became  very  warm.  The  writers  were  far  from  agreeing 
on  the  type,  and  indulged  strongly  in  personalities,  which  gained  for 
them  the  character  of  cantankerous  grumbling,  disputatious,  fighting 
Scotsmen,  who  had  nothing  to  show  to  prove  what  they  wrote,  but 
simply  wrote  from  pure  love  of  argument.  To  judge  from  these  letters, 
these  remarks  were  partly  justified.  The  writers  could  not  agree  as  to 
the  type ;  one  held  that  his  dog  was  the  correct  type  ;  another  that  his 


8  THE    SCOTTISH    TERRIER. 

dog  was  the  only  type  and  original  '  Scotch  '  terrier,  and  so  on.  To  the 
uninitiated  it  was  quite  impossible,  from  the  multitude  of  different 
descriptions  which  were  given,  to  say  what  a  'Scottish  terrier'  should 
be.  Some  were  described  as  •  Scotch,'  others  as  pure  Skyes,  and  a  third 
as  Aberdeen  terriers.   .  .   . 

"  To  the  initiated,  the  whole  matter  was  clear.  The  dog  which  the 
Scottish  writers  were  trying  to  get  established  as  the  Scottish  was  the 
Highland  or  Cairn  terrier, — the  terrier  of  the  Highlands  of  Scotland, — 
known  in  some  parts  as  the  short-coated  Skye,  a  sub-division  of  which 
is  the  Aberdeen  terrier. 

"  For  years  previous  to  the  commencement  of  the  '  dispute '  in 
question,  we  had  these  terriers  from  Mr.  McDonald,  Dunvegan,  Skye, 
and  formed  a  high  opinion  of  them.  Our  previous  experience,  how- 
ever, would  not  allow  us  to  call  them  the  ^Scottish  terrier,  which,  as 
recognized  in  the  Lowlands  of  Scotland,  was  a  leggier  dog,  more 
resembling  the  present  type  of  Irish  terrier.  On  this  account,  we 
objected  at  first  to  the  name  Scottish  terrier  being  applied  to  them ; 
and  it  was  only  after  we  found  that  the  race  of  terriers  described  by  old 
authors  as  the  Scotch  terrier  was  extinct  i/i  Scotland  that  we  agreed  to 
the  Highland  or  Cairn  terrier  appropriating  the  name,  as  being  the 
breed  having  the  strongest  claim  to  the  title. 

"  We,  however,  hold  that  the  race  of  terriers  known  for  many  years 
in  the  Lowlands  of  Scotland  as  the  Scotch  terrier  is  not  extinct,  but 
exists  under  the  cognomen  of  Lish  terriers.  '  Stonehenge '  was  of  the 
same  opinion ;  for  he  refused  at  first  to  insert  a  description  of  these 
(Irish)  terriers  in  his  book,  '  The  Dogs  of  the  British  Islands,'  as  he 
believed  they  in  no  way  differed  from  the  old  Scots  terrier  commonly 
met  with  in  England  in  the  early  part  of  the  present  century,  and  about 
which  no  two  seem  to  agree. 

"  '  Stonehenge,'  in  his  early  works,  describes  the  '  Scotch  '  terrier  as 
closely  resembling  the  English  terrier  in  all  but  his  coat,  which  is  wiry 
and  rough;  and  hence  he  is  sometimes  called  the  wire-haired  terrier, — 
a  name  perhaps  better  suited  to  a  dog  which  has  long  been  naturalized 
in  England,  and  whose  origin  is  obscure  enough. 


THE    SCOTTISH    TERRIER.  9 

'•Beyond  this  difference  in  externals,  there  is  little  to  be  said 
distinctive  of  the  one  from  the  other,  —  the  colors  being  the  same,  but 
white  being  more  highly  prized  in  the  Southern  variety,  and  black-and- 
tan,  when  more  or  less  mixed  with  grey,  so  as  to  give  the  dog  a  pepper- 
and-salt  appearance,  being  characteristic  of  the  true  Scotch  terrier ;  but 
there  are  numberless  varieties  in  size,  and  in  shape  and  color." 

Youatt  confirms  that  the  old  Scots  terrier  was  a  leggy 
clog,   by  saying : 

"  There  is  reason  to  believe  that  this  dog  (the  Scotch  terrier)  is  far 
older  than  the  English  terrier.  There  are  three  varieties  :  First,  the 
common  Scotch  terrier,  twelve  or  thirteen  inches  high ;  his  body  mus- 
cular and  compact;  considerable  breadth  across  the  loins;  the  legs 
shorter  and  stouter  than  those  of  the  English  terriers.  The  head  large 
in  proportion  to  the  size  of  the  body;  the  muzzle  small  and  pointed  ; 
strong  marks  of  intelligence  in  the  countenance ;  warm  attachment  to 
his  master,,  and  the  evident  devotion  of  every  power  to  the  fulfillment 
of  his  wishes.  The  hair  is  long  and  tough,  and  extending  over  the 
whole  frame.  In  color  they  are  black  or  fawn ;  the  white,  yellow  or 
pied*  are  always  deficient  in  purity  of  blood. 

"  Another  species  has  nearly  the  same  conformation,  but  is  covered 
with  longer,  more  curly,  and  stouter  hair,  —  the  legs  being  apparently, 
but  not  actually,  shorter.  This  kind  of  dog  prevails  in  the  greater  part 
of  the  Western  Islands  of  Scotland :  and  some  of  them,  when  the  hair 
has  obtained  its  full  development,  are  much  admired. 

"  A  third  species  of  terrier  is  of  considerably  larger  bulk,  and  three 
or  four  inches  taller  than  either  of  the  others.  The  hair  is  shorter  than 
that  of  the  other  breeds,  and  is  hard  and  wiry." 

An  illustration  of  a  drop-eared,  leggy  dog,  with  docked 
tail,  and  shaggy,  curly  coat,  heads  the  article  just  quoted, 
which  goes  to  show  that,  besides  the  Dandie  and  Skye,  there 


lO  THE    SCOTTISH    TERRIER. 

existed  at  that  time  a  dog  three  or  four  inches  taller  than 
either  of  these,  and  with  a  short,  hard,  and  wiry  coat. 

Brown,  in  "The  Field  Book,"  published  in  London,  by 
Effingham  Wilson,  in  1833,  says: 

"There  are  two  kinds  of  terriers,  —  the  rough-haired  Scotch  and 
the  smooth  English. 

"  The  Scotch  terrier  is  certainly  the  purest  in  point  of  breed,  and 
the  English  seems  to  have  been  produced  by  a  cross  from  him.  The 
Scotch  terrier  is  generally  low  in  stature,  seldom  more  than  twelve  or 
fourteen  inches  in  height,  with  a  strong,  muscular  body,  and  short,  stout 
legs ;  his  ears  small,  and  half -pricked ;  his  head  is  rather  large  in  pro- 
portion to  the  size  of  his  body,  and  the  muzzle  considerably  pointed ; 
his  scent  is  extremely  acute,  so  that  he  can  trace  the  footsteps  of  all 
other  animals  with  certainty ;  he  is  generally  of  a  sandy  color  or  black. 
Dogs  of  these  colors  are  certainly  the  most  hardy,  and  more  to  be 
depended  upon ;  when  white  or  pied,  it  is  a  sure  mark  of  the  impurity 
of  the  breed.  The  hair  of  the  terrier  is  long,  matted,  and  hard,  over 
almost  every  part  of  his  body.  His  bite  is  extremely  keen.  There  are 
three  distinct  varieties  of  the  Scotch  terrier,  viz. :  The  one  above 
described.  Another,  about  the  same  size  and  form,  but  with  hair  much 
longer,  and  somewhat  flowing,  which  gives  his  legs  the  appearance  of 
being  very  short.  This  is  the  prevailing  breed  of  the  Westerji  Islands 
of  Scotland.  The  third  variety  is  much  larger  than  the  former  two, 
being  generally  from  fifteen  to  eighteen  inches  in  height,  with  the  hair 
very  hard  and  wiry,  and  much  shorter  than  that  of  the  others." 

Mr.  Hugh  Dalzeil,  a  Scotchman,  born  in  Kirkcudbridge- 
shire,  and  author  of  "British  Dogs,"  writes,  at  the  time 
when  the  dispute  was  going  on,  and  before  anything  definite 
as  to  type  had  been  agreed  upon  : 

"  .  .  .  .  The  old  hard  and  short-haired  '  terry '  of  the  West  of 
Scotland,  as  I  recollect  him  when  a  boy,  was  much  nearer  in  shape  to  a 


THE    SCOTTISH    TERRIER.  I  I 

modern  fox-terrier,  but  with  shorter  and  rounder  head;  the  color  of 
their  hard,  wiry  coat,  mostly  sandy;  the  face  free  from  long  hair, 
although  some  showing  a  beard ;  and  the  small  ears,  carried  in  most 
instances  semi-erect,  in  some  pricked.  The  true  old  Scotch  terrier 
should  be  a  stoutly-built  dog,  leggy  in  comparison  with  the  Skye, 
Dandle  or  Aberdeen,  varying  in  size,  as  all  breeds  little  cared  for  do, 
but  easily  to  be  kept  near  to  a  standard  of  fifteen  pounds  to  eighteen 
pounds,  which  I  hold  to  be  the  most  useful  for  a  working  'varmint' 
dog,  even  if  he  is  not  wanted  to  go  to  ground. 

"The  head  rather  short,  and  the  skull  somewhat  round;  the  jaws 
being  strong,  and  also  short,  more  or  less  bearded;  a  long,  lean  punish- 
ing jaw,  as  the  phrase  goes,  is  a  modern  feature  in  terriers  of  any  variety, 
and  the  idea  is  often  carried  to  great  excess. 

"  The  eyes  bright  and  keen,  piercing  through  short,  shaggy  hair. 

"  The  ears  small,  covered  with  soft,  short  hair,  semi-erect,  falling 
over  at  the  tip. 

'•  The  neek  short  and  strong. 

"The  ehest  moderately  deep;  ribs  strong,  the  back  ones  fairly 
developed;  the  back  short  as  a  fox-terrier's,  with  strong  loins  and 
good,  muscular,  square  buttocks. 

"  The  legs  stout,  well  covered  with  hard  hair;  stifles  only  moderately 
bent;  forelegs  straight,  all  covered  with  hard,  short  hair;  the  feet  com- 
pact, and  hard  in  the  sole,  and  the  claws  strong. 

'•The  tail,  if  undocked,  eight  inches  to  ten  inches  long,  bush-like, 
not  fringed,  the  covering  being  hard  hair. 

'•  The  prevailing  eolor  sandy ;  sometimes  a  dark  grizzle  ;  and  I  have 
occasionally  seen  them  brindled. 

"  The  coat  hard  and  very  dense,  from  one  inch,  or  rather  less  than 
two  inches,  in  length  at  the  greatest. 

"  I  give  the  above,  written  from  memory,  as  a  rough  description  of 
the  Scotch  terrier,  as  kept  by  my  father,  and  such  as  were  commonly 
met  with  in  the  West  of  Scotland  some  forty  years  ago." 

Whinstone    again    quotes    Myrick's    "  House  Dogs  and 


12  THE    SCOTTISH    TERRIER. 

Sporting  Dogs,"  and  says  the  following  ludicrous  description 
of  a  "  Scotch 

'•  I'he  Scotch  terrier  is  a  shorter-legged  and  generally  a  heavier  dog 
than  either  of  the  preceding  varieties  [Bull,  English,  and  Fox-terrier]. 
He  is  equally  plucky  and  clever,  but  not  so  active;  and  from  this,  and 
his  thicker  coat,  is  not  so  serviceable  in  hunting  rabbits.  His  hair  is 
long  and  matted,  and  often  soft  and  silky.  His  color  is  usually  a  rich 
black  and  tan,  sometimes  mixed  with  grey ;  it  is  impossible  to  look  at 
his  coat  and  color,  and  not  suspect  a  cross  with  the  collie. 

"  In  height  he  is  seldom  over  fourteen  inches,  but  sometimes  weighs 
more  than  sixteen  or  eighteen  pounds.  There  are  innumerable  varieties 
of  this  breed.   .   .  ." 

"We  have  quoted  these  authors,  —  we  cannot  say  authorities,  after 
Myrick's  description,  —  to  show  that  the  old  Scottish  terrier  was  a  leggy 
dog;  but  we  do  not  lean  entirely  on  them  for  support,  knowing  how 
unsicker  some  of  their  foundations  are,  but  from  what  we  have  seen 
with  our  own  eyes,  and  what  we  have  heard  from  the  lips  of  old  sports- 
men and  game-keepers  who  knew  this  breed  in  all  its  beauty. 

"  The  usual  color  of  the  old  Scottish  terrier  was  sandy.  No  other 
word  is  so  expressive  of  the  color,  and  will  be  readily  understood  by  all 
Scotsmen.  There  were  other  colors,  such  as  grizzle  and  brindle  ;  sandy 
was  the  popular  one.  They  were  not  bred  for  'fancy,' but  for  work ; 
consequently  the  carriage  of  ears,  and  other  little  'points  of  beauty,'  so 
greatly  insisted  upon  by  '  fanciers,'  were  ignored,  and  only  the  sterling 
qualities  of  the  animal  prized.  If  he  could  kill  rats,  draw  a  badrer, 
and  face  a  cat  without  flinching,  he  was  termed  a  terrier;  if  not,  he  v. as 
a  '  guid-for-naething,  useless  brute,'  looked  upon  with  contempt  and 
disgust,  and  often.  I  am  sorry  to  say,  kicked  for  his  cowardice.  Tiiat 
was  before  the  days  of  dog-shows,  and  when  the  worth  of  a  dog  \  as 
according  to  the  abilities  he  displayed  at  his  work, — that  of  the  terriers 
being  the  extinction  of  vermin.  With  the  extinction  of  such  vermin  as 
the  wild-cat,  brocks  (badgers),  etc.,  in  the  Lowlands  of  Scotland,  the  old 
race  of  terriers  gradually  died  out.     Being  leggy,  they  were  not  so  well 


THE    SCOTTISH    TERRIER.  1 3 

suited  for  hunting  cairns,  or  going  to  ground  after  vermin,  as  the  High- 
land terrier,  and  consequently  were  seldom  met  with  out  of  the  Lowlands. 
While  possessing  all  the  good  qualities  of  terriers  generally,  their  one 
great  distinguishing  character  was  their  undying  affection  for  their 
master.  .   .   . 

"  The  breed  is  now  extinct  in  Scotland.  wSome  years  ago  we 
endeavored  to  ascertain  whether  any  of  the  old  breed  were  still  extant ; 
but  we  only  came  across  two  very  old  dogs,  one  of  which  was  blind. 
Both  have  since  joined  their  predecessors.  Those  who  take  an  interest 
in  the  old  breed,  may  find  their  counterpart  in  the  Irish  terrier,  which  is 
very  highly  spoken  of  as  a  sportsman's  dog  and  companion." 

Previous  to  1879,  the  type  of  terrier  now  recognized  as 
the  Scottish  terrier  was  comparatively  unknown.  This  is  not 
surprising,  when  we  recollect  that  they  were  in  the  hands  of 
sportsmen,  fox-hunters,  game-keeps  and  crofters  living  in 
remote  parts  of  the  Highlands  and  islands  of  Scotland,  far 
removed  from  the  influence  of  dog  show^s,  and  having  little 
communication  with  the  world.  Many  families  in  the  High- 
lands seem  to  have  had  a  strain  of  their  own,  of  which  they 
were  proud  on  account  of  their  gameness  and  pluck.  This 
breed  was  first  made  prominent  and  popular  over  the  border 
by  Messrs.  Ludlow  and  Blomfield,  in  1883. 

Mr.  Rawdon  B.  Lee  says,  in  his  book,  "Modern  Dogs" 
(Terriers),  Chap.  XL  : 

"  From  what  I  have  been  told,  and  from  what  I  have  read,  I  believe 
that  this  little  dog  is  the  oldest  variety  of  the  canine  race  indigenous  to 
North  Britain,  although  but  a  comparatively  recent  introduction  across 
the  border  and  into  fashionable  society,  —  at  any  rate,  under  his  present 
name. 

"  For  generations  he  had  been  a  popular  dog  in  the  Highlands, 
where,  strangely  enough,  he  was  always  known  as  the   Skye   terrier, 


14  THE    SCOTTISH    TERRIER. 

although  he  is  so  different  from  the  long-coated,  unsporting-like  looking 
creature  with  which  that  name  is  now  associated.  .  .  . 

"  Our  little  friend  has,  perhaps,  been  rather  unfortunate  so  far  as 
nomenclature  is  concerned ;  for,  after  being  called  a  Skye  terrier,  he 
became  known  as  the  Scotch  terrier,  the  Scots  terrier,  and  the  Highland 
terrier;  then  others  dubbed  him  the  cairn  terrier  and  the  die-hard; 
whilst  another  move  was  made  to  give  him  the  distinguishing  appella- 
tion of  Aberdeen  terrier.  Now  he  has  been  thoroughly  wound  up,  and 
I  suppose  to  suit  those  persons  of  teetotal  proclivities  who  connected 
the  word  '  Scotch  '  with  the  national  liquor  called  whiskey,  has  devel- 
oped into  the  Scottish  terrier.  As  such  he  is  known  in  the  Stud  Books, 
and  is  acknowledged  as  of  that  name  by  the  leading  Scotch,  or  Scottish, 
authorities  on  the  variety.  Well,  he  is  a  game,  smart,  perky  little  terrier, 
and  I  do  not  think  that  his  general  excellence  and  desirability  as  a  com- 
panion are  likely  to  suffer  from  the  evolutions  his  name  has  undergone. 
Years  ago,  before  dog-shows  were  invented,  any  cross-bred  creature  was 
called  a  Scotch  terrier,  especially  if  he  appeared  to  stand  rather  higher 
on  the  legs  than  the  ordinary  terrier ;  if  he  were  on  short  legs,  he  was 
an  '  otter  terrier.' 

"  Of  the  original  Scottish  terriers,  some  there  were  with  semi-erect 
ears  ;  others  with  prick  ears. 

"  The  prick  ears  are  acknowledged  now  as  the  more  fashionable? 
though  I  fancy  years  ago  the  semi-prick  ear  was  the  more  common. 
However,  the  fact  must  not  be  overlooked  that,  as  puppies,  the  ears  are 
usually  carried  thrown  back  or  forwards,  —  some  even  not  attaining  the 
correct  and  erect  position  until  six  or  eight  months  old.  The  hard,  crisp 
coat,  too,  does  not  always  appear  until  the  puppy  is  casting  its  first  set 
of  teeth  ;  and  this  hard  coat  is  a  sine  qmi  non,  and  no  prize  ought  to  be 
given  to  any  Scottish  terrier  unless  the  coat  is  thoroughly  hard  and 
strong,  and  crisp  and  close, — it  is  the  hard-haired  Scottish  terrier, 
a  fact  which  some  judges  have  sadly  overlooked.  Another  defect, 
too,  common  and  often  overlooked,  is  to  be  found  in  the  bat-like 
ears,  with  round  tips,  which  some  breeders  consider  to  point  to  a 
cross  with   an  impure  strain.      However,  they  are  very  unsightly,  and 


THE    SCOTTISH    TERRIER.  1 5 

ought  to  act  as  a  very  severe  handicap  on  dogs  possessmg  such  aural 
appendages." 

"  The  Scottish  terrier,  in  character  and  disposition,  is  charming ;  as 
a  companion,  most  sensible  and  pleasant.  He  has  no  unpleasant  smell 
from  his  coat,  nor  does  he  carry  so  much  cUrt  into  the  house  from  the 
streets  of  the  town  and  from  country  lanes  as  a  terrier  lower  on  the 
legs.  Another  advantage  he  possesses  is,  that  he  is  not  so  quarrelsome 
with  other  dogs  as  many  terriers  are. 

"  He  will  fight,  and  punish  freely,  too,  when  he  is  attacked  and 
really  has  to  defend  himself ;  but  the  few  that  I  have  owned  were  slow 
to  set  about  it.  But  when  they  did  !  I  never  saw  such  little  dogs  with 
such  big  teeth,  and  which  could  make  such  big  holes  in  the  legs  and 
ears  of  a  bigger  opponent." 

They  will  go  to  water  well,  and  to  ground  likewise.  In 
fact,  are  bred  to  do  all  kinds  of  hard  work  both  above  and 
underground. 

Mr.  Thomson  Gray  says,  in  "  Dogs  of  Scotland"  : 

"  The  greatest  difficulty  is  to  get  straight  legs  and  ears  tight  up. 

"  My  idea  of  a  first-class  specimen  is  a  very  game,  hardy-looking 
terrier,  stoutly  built,  with  great  bone  and  substance ;  deep  in  chest  and 
back  rib,  straight  back,  powerful  quarters,  on  short,  muscular  legs; 
and  exhibiting,  in  a  marked  degree,  a  great  combination  of  strength  and 
activity.  Terriers  built  on  such  lines  are  very  active  in  their  move- 
ments ;  and  for  going  a  distance,  or  taking  a  standing  leap,  I  do  not 
believe  there  is  any  short-legged  breed  of  terrier  can  equal  them. 

"  The  coat  should  be  one  and  one-half  inches  long,  thick,  dense, 
lying  close,  and  very  hard,  with  plenty  of  soft  under  coat ;  tail  straight, 
carried  well  up,  well  covered  with  hair,  but  not  bushy ;  the  ears  should 
be  as  small  and  as  sharp-pointed  as  possible,  well  carried  forward,  and 
giving  the  dog  a  '  varmint '  appearance.  The  skull  should  not  be  too 
narrow,  being  in  proportion  to  the  terribly  powerful  jaw,  but  must 
be  narrow  between  the  ears,   these  being  carried  well  up.     If  carried 


1 6  THE    SCOTTISH    TERRIER. 

sluggishly,  they  spoil  the  appearance  of  the  dog's  head.  The  eyes 
should  be  small  and  deep-set ;  muzzle  long  and  tapering,  and,  as  already 
stated,  very  powerful ;  teeth  extra  large  for  size  of  dog,  and  level." 

"  The  Scottish  terrier  can  be  steel  or  iron  gray,  brindle  or  grizzled, 
black  or  sandy  and  wheaten.  The  black-brindle  seems  to  be  the  most 
fashionable ;  but  the  dark  brindles  are  not  seen  as  clearly  in  the  dark  as 
are  lighter  colors.  White  markings  are  most  objectionable  ;  but  still, 
some  of  the  best  working  dogs  of  this  breed  have  been  marked  with 
white.  Dogs  should  be  of  seventeen  pounds  to  eighteen  pounds,  and 
bitches  of  fifteen  pounds  to  sixteen  pounds  in  weight.  There  has  been 
a  great  cry,  of  late,  in  regard  to  straightening  the  legs  of  these  terriers. 

Mr.  Thomson  Gray  says,  in  regard  to  this : 

"  While  I  am  in  favor  of  having  the  legs  as  straight  as  possible,  I 
would  not  sacrifice  bone  and  muscle  to  get  this  point,  or  make  it  a  sine 
qua  lion  in  judging,  as  most,  if  not  all,  of  the  best  terriers  of  this  l^reed 
are  a  little  bent,  and  any  really  straight-legged  specimens  I  have  seen 
have  been  deficient  in  bone,  inclined  to  be  leggy  and  shelly  in  build. 
Now,  it  must  be  kept  in  mind  that  the  Scottish  terrier  is,  first  of  all,  a 
compact,  firmly-built  terrier,  showing  extraordinary  strength  for  his  size; 
and  to  lose  these  attributes  is  to  lose  the  strongest  points  in  the  breed. 
Straight  legs  may  be  made  a  fad  as  much  as  any  other  point,  and 
fanciers  are  apt  to  run  on  one  point  to  the  detriment  of  the  rest,  thus 
spoiling  the  even  balance  of  the  whole  dog." 

H.  J.  Ludlow,  one  of  the  oldest  admirers  of  this  breed, 
and  also,  we  might  say,  champion  in  regard  to  straight 
fore-legs,  gives  this  description  of  the  Scottish  terrier,  in 
the  catalogue  of  the  dog  show  held  in  Toronto,  Canada, 
September,    1893  : 

"Head  long,  with  very  powerful  jaw;  eyes  small,  keen,  and  dark 
in  color;  ears  prick,  set  close  together,  and  carried  well  up;  neck  short 
and  muscular.     Body  fairly  short,  well-ribbed  back,  with  plenty  of  bone; 


THE    SCOTTISH    TERRIER.  1 7 

upper  coat  very  hard,  and  not  too  long ;  under  coat  shorter  and  softer. 
The  tout  ensemble  should  convey  universal  strength  and  activity,  but 
with  no  approach  to  racing  lines." 

"During  the  'straight-legged'  war,  a  well-known  scientist  at  the 
Natural  History  Museum,  South  Kensington,  on  being  asked  his  opin- 
ion as  to  the  crooked  legs  now  found  on  many  varieties  of  the  dog, 
said:  'The  outward  curve  of  the  fore  limbs  (and  I  suppose  of  the 
Scottish  terrier,  although  I  do  not  know  them  so  well,)  is  an  inherited 
deformity,  unlike  anything  in  nature.'  " 

Mr.  Ludlow  writes  : 

"  I  take  it  that  if  Nature  thought  bent  fore-legs  were  a  necessary 
formation  for  animals  that  depend  upon  burrowing  for  their  safety, — 
nay,  for  their  very  existence, — she  would  have  produced  the  requisite 
curve  in  at  least  some  of  them.  I  am  satisfied  to  have  Nature  for  my 
guide  in  breeding ;  and  so  long  as  I  produce  terriers  that  have  to  follow 
and  do  to  death  these  straight-legged  diggers,  I  shall  be  content  with 
the  spades  that  I  find  she  has  supplied  her  creatures  with,  rather  than 
run  after  the  '  inherited  deformities  '  that  some  prejudiced  persons  go 
rabid  over.  Looking  at  the  question  from  a  show  point  of  view,  there 
can  be  no  doubt  that  a  terrier  with  straight  fore-legs  is  a  more  taking 
animal,  than  one  with  crooked  limbs;  and,  for  that  reason  alone, 
Scottish  terriers  are,  sooner  or  later,  bound  to  be  bred  with  fronts  as 
straight  as  those  of  the  animals  they  are  taught  to  look  upon  as  their 
hereditary  foes." 

The  Scottish  Terrier  Club,  estabUshed  in  1889,  has  for 
its  Secretary  Mr.  A.  McBrayne  Irvine,  and  there  is  also  a 
Scottish  Terrier  Club  for  England, — the  older  establishment 
of  the  two, — of  which  Mr.  H.  J.  Ludlow  is  Secretary.  The 
description  of  the  dog,  issued  by  the  former,  is  as  follows : 

''  Skull  (value  5) — Proportionately  long,  slightly  domed, 
and  covered  with   short,  hard  hair,   about  three-quarters  of 


15  THE    SCOTTISH    TERRIER. 

an  inch  long,  or  less.  It  should  not  be  quite  tiat,  as  there 
should  be  a  sort  of  stop,  or  drop,  between  the  eyes. 

"■Muzzle  (value  5) — Very  powerful,'  and  gradually  taper- 
ing towards  the  nose,  which  should  always  be  black,  and  of 
good  size.  The  jaws  should  be  perfectly  level,  and  the 
teeth  square,  though  the  nose  projects  somewhat  over  the 
mouth,  which  gives  the  impression  of  the  upper  jaw  being 
longer  than  the  under  one. 

'^  Eyes  (value  5) — Set  wide  apart,  of  a  dark  brown  or 
hazel  color ;   small,  piercing,  very  bright,  and  rather  sunken. 

''Ears  (value  10) — Very  small,  prick  or  half-prick  (the 
former  is  preferable),  but  never  drop ;  they  should  also  be 
sharp-pointed,  and  the  hair  on  them  should  not  be  long,  but 
velvety,  and  they  should  not  be  cut.  The  ears  should  be 
free  from  any  fringe  at  the  top. 

'-'■  N'eck  (value  5) — Short,  thick,  and  muscular,  strongly 
set  on  sloping  shoulders. 

"  Chest  (value  5) — Broad  in  comparison  to  the  size  of 
the  dog,   and  proportionately  deep. 

''Body  (value  10) — Of  moderate  length,  not  so  long  as 
a  Skye's,  and  rather  fiat-sided ;  but  well  ribbed  up,  and 
exceedingly  strong  in  hind  quarters. 

"Legs  and  feet  (value  10)  —  Both  fore  and  hind  legs 
should  be  short,  and  very  heavy  in  bone,  the  former  being 
straight  or  slightly  bent,  and  well  set  on  under  the  body,  as 
the  Scottish  terrier  should  not  be  out  at  the  elbows.  The 
hocks  should  be  bent,  and  the  thighs  very  muscular ;  and 
the  feet  strong,  small,  and  thickly  covered  with   short  hair. 


THE    SCOTTISH    TERRIER.  1 9 

the  fore-feet  being  larger  than  the  hind  ones,  and  well  let 
down  on  the  ground. 

"  Tail  (value  2^) — Which  is  never  cut,  should  be  about 
seven  inches  long  ;  carried  with  a  slight  bend,  and  often  gaily. 

''Coat  (value  15) — Should  be  rather  short  (about  two 
inches),  intensely  hard  and  wiry  in  texture,  and  very  dense 
all  over  the  body. 

'•'Size  (value  \6\ — ^  About  sixteen  pounds  to  eighteen 
pounds  for  a  bitch,  eighteen  pounds  to  twenty  pounds  for 
a  dog. 

"  Colors  (value  2tV)  —  Steel  or  iron  grey,  brindle  or 
grizzled,  black,  sandy  and  wheaten.  White  markings  are 
objectionable,  and  can  only  be  allowed  on  the  chest,  and 
that  to  a  small  extent. 

"  General  Appearance  (value  10) — The  face  should  bear 
a  very  sharp,  bright,  and  active  expression,  and  the  head 
should  be  carried  up.  llie  dog  (owing  to  the  shortness  of 
his  coat)  should  appear  to  be  higher  on  the  leg  than  he 
really  is ;  but,  at  the  same  time,  he  should  look  compact, 
and  possessed  of  great  muscle  in  his  hind-quarters.  In 
fact,  a  Scottish  terrier,  though  essentially  a  terrier,  cannot 
be  too  powerfully  put  together.  He  should  be  from  nine 
inches  to  twelve  inches  in  height. 

"FAULTS. 

"  Muzzle —  Either  under  or  over-hung. 
'■'■  Eyes- — Large  or  light  colored. 

"Ears  —  Large,  round  at  the  points  or  drop.  It  is  also 
a  fault  if  they  are  too  heavily  covered  with  hair. 


20 


THE    SCOTTISH    TERRIER. 


'■'■  Coat — Any  silkiness,  wave,   or  tendency  to   curl  is  a 
serious  blemish,  as  is  also  an  open  coat, 

''Size — Specimens  over  eighteen  pounds   should  not  be 
encouraged. 

"SCALE    OF    POINTS. 


Skull  . 
Muzzle 
Eyes  . 
Ears 
Neck  . 
Chest  . 
Body    . 


Valui 

5 
15 

5 
10 

5 

5 

15 


Eeet 


Vau'e. 
10 


Eegs  and 

Tail 2\ 

Coat 15 

Size 10 

Colors 24- 

General  Appearance     .     .  10 


50        i 
Grand  Total,   100. 


Mr.  Lee  adds  : 


••  I  need  scarcely  say  that  the  teeth  must  be  large,  powerful,  and 
white ;  and  being  undershot,  even  in  the  slightest  degree,  should  ensure 
disqualitication.  An  overshot  or  pig-jawed  mouth  ought  to  be  a  severe 
handicap,  and,  if  very  pronounced,  likewise  disqualification." 

The  following  is  from  an  article  or  extract  from  "  A 
Paper,"  published  in  England,  headed  "The  Scotch  Ter- 
rier," and  written  by  Hugh  Dalzeil.  The  whole  of  Mr. 
DalzeiTs  article  is  not  quoted,  as  the  compiler  of  this  short 
sketch  of  Scottish  Terriers  does  not  intend  to  give  any 
especial  strain  or  any  particular  kennel  a  boom  : 

"  Scotland  is  prolific  in  terriers,  and  for  the  most  part  these  are 
long-backed  and  short-legged  dogs.  Such  are  the  Dandie  Dinmont,  the 
Skye,  and  the  Aberdeen  terrier,  the  last  now  merged  in  the  class  recog- 
nized at  our  shows  as  the   Scotch   terrier;  Ijut  the  old,  hard  and  short- 


THE    SCOTTISH    TERRIER.  2  1 

haired  'terry'  of  the  West  of  Scotland,  as  we  recollect  him  when  a  boy, 
was  much  nearer  in  shape  to  a  modern  fox-terrier,  though  with  a  shorter 
and  rounder  head,  the  color  of  his  hard,  wiry  coat  mostly  sandy,  the 
face  free  from  long  hair,  although  some  showing  a  beard,  and  the  small 
ears  carried  in  most  instances  semi-erect ;  in  some,  pricked. 

"  The  descriptions  given  by  those  eininent  writers,  Youatt,  Richard- 
son, and  •  Stonehenge,'  are  in  practical  agreement,  and  apply  to  the  kind 
of  terrier  we  have  spoken  of  as  within  our  own  recollection.  There 
has,  however,  been  of  late  years  a  re-arrangement  of  classes  of  terriers, 
and  it  is  the  sorts  that  have  come  uppermost,  and  are  now  recognized 
by  the  several  clubs  and  show  authorities,  with  which  we  have  to  deal. 

"  The  dogs  now  recognized  as  Scotch  terriers  are  closely  allied  to 
the  Skye  terrier,  and,  by  a  number  of  gentlemen  of  Skye  and  the  South- 
west Highlands,  were  at  one  time  called  Skye  terriers.  We  suggested 
that,  as  they  presented  sufficiently  distinctive  characteristics,  they  might 
form  a  distinct  class  at  our  shows,  under  the  name  of  '  Highland  ter- 
riers.' The  idea,  but  not  the  name,  has  been  adopted  ;  and,  indeed,  the 
name  has  given  rise  to  some  discussion.  '  Cairn  terrier'  was  suggested, 
but  not  generally  adopted,  and  they  have  been  called  the  '  Die-hards.' 

"  '  WTiinstone  '  insists  on  the  breed  being  called  the  Scottish 
terrier.  This  seems  to  us  to  be  a  case  of  unnecessary  hair-splitting. 
Under  the  words  '  Scots  '  and  •  Scottish,'  Dr.  Ogilvie  refers  those  who 
consult  this  dictionary  to  'Scotch,'  which,  he  says,  'is  the  established 
word.'  As  long  as  we  get  Scotch  collops  from  Scotch  bullocks,  and 
.Scotch  whiskey  from  Scotch  barley,  to  aid  the  digestion  of  the  collops, 
we  may  surely  have  Scotch  terriers ;  and,  at  all  events,  the  terrier  under 
any  name  will  bite  as  sore. 

"Mr.  J.  Gordon  Murray,  in  the  first  edition  of  'British  Dogs,' 
described  three  strains  of  these  terriers,  according  to  the  localities  in 
which  they  were  reared,  and,  as  will  be  seen,  differing  only  in  minor 
points.     Of  these  he  says  : 

■'  '  The  Mogstad  Skyes  were  of  a  dark  greyish  color,  with  wiry  hair 
from  three  inches  to  three  and  a  half  inches  long,  with  body  low  but 
long,  and  measuring  well  in  girth  ;  legs  stout  and  short,  and  well  pro- 


2  2  THE    SCOTTISH    TERRIER. 

vided  with  very  strong  claws  ;  the  greater  part  prick-eared,  and  all  of 
them  excellent  workers. 

•' '  The  Drynocks  are  another  very  splendid  breed  of  the  original 
pure  Skyes,  closely  resembling  the  common  Scotch  seal  in  color;  short, 
wiry  hair,  with  body  of  a  medium  size,  a  good  deal  like  the  Mogstads, 
and  all  of  them  first-rate  workers. 

"  '  The  Camusennaries  are  another  famous  breed  of  the  very  real 
and  pure  Skye  terriers,  and  derive  their  name  from  a  wild  and  moun- 
tainous tract  of  land  in  Skye,  extending  from  Coirnisk  on  the  west  to 
the  Spar  Cave  on  the  east.  The  breed  was  originally  reared  there  by  a 
Lieutenant  Macmillan,  long  passed  away  ;  the  whole  of  them  short, 
wiry-haired,  like  the  afore-named  breeds  ;  color  almost  always  dark  all 
over,  middle  part  of  hair  in  many  instances  grey,  but  again  dark  next 
the  skin,  no  white  on  feet  or  chest ;  a  thin,  medium-sized  prick  ear,  and 
very  pointed;  and  in  every  third  or  fourth  litter  a  reddish-yellow  one.' 

"  Among  Scotch  fanciers  Captain  Mackie  did  a  great  deal  towards 
improving  the  breed,  though  his  first  love  was  for  a  dog  of  a  type  not 
now  recognized,  namely,  the  long,  low,  bat-eared  Skye  form.  He  was  a 
man  of  remarkable  force  and  energy,  and,  as  is  often  the  case  with  such 
men,  of  a  singularly  frank  and  generous  disposition.  On  the  subject  of 
this  terrier  he  was  an  enthusiast,  and  undertook  voyages  among  the 
Hebrides,  and  long  and  arduous  journeys  through  the  Western  High- 
lands, collecting  information,  and  purchasing  the  best  specimens  of  the 
breed  procurable,  from  the  oldest  known  strains.  The  story  of  at  least 
one  of  these  journeys  of  discovery  is  excellently  told  in  the  '  Dogs  of 
Scotland,'  to  which  we  refer  readers  for  details.  The  result  was,  that 
Captain  Mackie  soon  got  together  a  kennel  of  these  Highland  terriers 
of  acknowledged  superiority. 

"  As  .companion  dogs  of  the  terrier  Uibe,  the  Die-hards  possess 
qualities  that  recommend  them  to  many.  They  are  hardy  and  plucky, 
will  stand  any  weather,  and  are  good  for  any  amount  of  sport.  Dis- 
posed to  be  impetuous  and  self-willed,  they  often  require  more  than 
ordinary  care  in  training ;  hut  that  is  well  repaid,  for  the  material  is 
good  to  work  upon.     Another  advantage  to  many  people  is  that.  —  the 


THE    SCOTTISH    TERRIER.  23 

coat  being  of  a  length  and  quality  that  does  not  long  hold  wet  and 
dirt,  — they  can  be  allowed  a  place  on  the  hearth-rug  or  door-mat ;  and 
those  who  want  a  dog,  of  whatever  breed,  to  be  really  obedient,  lovable, 
and  well-behaved,  cannot  have  the  animal  too  much  with  them. 

"  With  regard  to  the  popularity  of  the  Scotch  terrier  in  this  country, 
this  is  undoubted,  and  no  better  proof  can  be  adduced  than  that  afforded 
by  their  numbers  at  big  canine  gatherings  of  the  present  day.  Take  the 
late  Kennel  Club  Show,  at  which  Scottish  terriers  took  sixth  on  the  list 
in  the  matter  of  entries ;  while  amongst  the  different  breeds  registered 
at  Cleveland  Row,  during  1893,  they  occupy  a  similarly  high  position  in 
the  list.  One  has  but  to  carry  one's  mind  back  even  a  decade  ago,  to 
fully  recognize  the  headway  the  compact  little  tyke  has  made  in  the 
fancy.  Though  in  this  respect,  of  course,  not  to  be  compared  with  the 
Fox-terrier  and  one  or  two  other  breeds  that  might  be  instanced,  yet  he 
has  made  a  bold  bid  for  the  favor  of  the  dog-fancying  public ;  and 
the  measure  of  success  attained  could  hardly  have  been  anticipated  by 
even  the  dog's  warmest  admirers." 


SCOTTIE'S  WORK  IN  HIS  NATIVE  LAND. 


Scattered  throughout  different  mountainous  parts  of 
Scotland,  there  are  immense  cairns  of  stones,  where  the 
fox  takes  up  his  abode  ;  and  it  is  to  drive  Reynard  from 
his  retreat  among  these  stones  that  the  terriers  are  em- 
ployed. 

In  olden  times,  each  district  had  its  tod-hunter,  and,  as 
will  be  seen  from  Captain  Mackie's  interesting  notes  ("Dogs 


2  4  THE    SCOTTISH    TERRIER, 

of  Scotland,"  Whinstone),  that  functionary  still  exists  in 
different  parts  of  the  Highlands. 

The  following  graphic  description  of  the  tod-hunter  and 
his  gang,  with  their  modus  operandi,  was  given  by  a  corres- 
pondent in  a  letter  to  the  "  Fanciers'  Gazette  "  : 

"  In  many  districts  of  Elgin,  Aberdeen,  and  Nairn,  foxes  were  a 
great  scourge.  Lambs,  sheep,  and  poultry,  were  frequently  taken  by 
them  in  open  day,  and  I  have  known  as  many  as  twenty  lambs  slaugh- 
tered in  one  night.  I  can  remember  being  in  a  certain  church,  where, 
after  sermon  and  before  the  blessing  was  pronounced,  the  precenter.  — 
/.  c,  the  leader  of  the  singing  (Lord  love  you  '  such  singing  then  in  the 
auld  kirk), — rose  up  and  exclaimed:  '  N  oo,  lads,  min',  we're  gaun  tae 
hunt  the  tod  on  Tiesday ;  be  a'  up  at  tae  laird's  house  in  guid  time^  and 
Johnie  Eraser's  comin'  wi'  a'  his  doogs.'  This  last  was  quite  a  character 
in  his  way.  He  hailed  from  Glenlivet,  and  well  I  mind  on  ould  Johnie's 
dogs.  He  had  a  few  hounds,  —  large,  heavy-headed  animals,  much 
resembling  in  appearance  the  description  given  of  the  Irish  wolf-hound ; 
they  were  not  so  fast  as  the  present  race  of  fox-hounds,  but  could  stick 
to  a  scent  a  great  deal  better,  — no  losing,  once  on  it,  and  the  deep  bay- 
ing they  made,  when  following,  was  enough  to  frighten  'Auld  Hoofy  ' 
himself.  In  addition  to  these  great  dogs,  Johnie  had  a  few  small  Skyes, 
perfect  devils  to  work,  and  which  always  kept  as  near  to  the  hounds  as 
possible.  Several  tods  would  frequently  escape  from  the  coverts  and 
take  to  the  hill  cairns,  in  spite  of  the  old. Queen  Anne  muskets  of  the 
farmers.  On  went  the  hounds,  followed  by  old  Johnie  and  his  little 
varmints,  and  gunners  and  beaters,  till  they  came  to  where  the  tod  had 
taken  refuge,  frequently  in  some  huge  cairn,  perhaps  a  quarter  of  a  mile 
in  circumference.  The  big  dogs  and  Queen  Annes  surrounded  the 
cairn,  an  outer  line  was  composed  of  the  beaters,  while  old  Johnie 
advanced  on  to  the  boulders,  and  at  the  words,  *  Hie  in,  my  darlin's  1  ' 
off  they  were,  just  like  so  many  ferrets  in  a  rabbit-warren,  and  the  fox 
had  either  to  come  out  and  face  death  in  a  gentlemanly  sort  of  way,  or 
be  killed  l:)y  these  game  little  dogs." 


THE    SCOTTISH    TERRIER.  25 

A  terrier,  to  go  into  a  fox's  earth,  must  necessarily  be 
small,  and,  besides  being  small,  must  be  flat  in  the  rib,  to 
enable  him  to  work  his  way  into  borrows,  which  he  has 
often  to  do  on  his  side  ;  and,  besides  these  natural  qualifica- 
tions, he  must  have  the  necessary  pluck  to  tackle  game,  and 
force  the  quarry  to  bolt,  or  die  in  the  attempt.  This  is  just 
what  the  Scottish  terrier  will  do,  and  it  is  on  that  account 
termed  a  "  Die-hard." 

It  is  said  that  George,  Fourth  Earl  of  Dumbarton,  had  a 
famous  pack  of  Scottish  terriers,  which  were  so  noted  for 
their  pluck  and  determination,  that  they  were  termed  "  Die- 
hards,"  and  that  his  regiment,  the  Royal  Scots,  was  named 
after  his  favorites,  ''  Dumbarton's  Die-hards." 


PART    II. 


THE  IRISH  TERRIER. 


PREFACE. 


The  object  of  this  publication  is  to  help  in  the  endeavor 
to  preserve  and  encourage  the  true  type  and  characteristics 
of  the  breed  of  Irish  terriers,  and  to  promote  its  growth 
in  public  favor. 

Although  in  this  country  the  interest  in  it  has  only  just 
begun,  it  is  to-day  one  of  the  most  popular  and  fashionable 
breeds  of  terriers  in  England  and  Ireland,  where  it  is  more 
widely  known  and  appreciated.  In  fact,  Irish  terriers  are  now 
one  of  the  interesting  features  of  England's  greatest  shows. 

In  offering  this  little  volume  to  the  public,  the  main 
object  has  been  to  bring  together,  in  a  concentrated  form, 
everything  that  has  been  said  or  published  of  the  genuine 
Irish  terrier,  worth  recording,  in  order  to  trace  and  focus,  if 
possible,  its  origin  and  early  history,  as  well  as  its  develop- 
ment up  to  the  present  standard,  its  characteristics,  utility, 
excellencies  and  deficiences,  and  thus  to  enable  any  one,  and 
especially  beginners,  to  start  with  some  of  the  knowledge 
bJtherto  possessed  only  by  a  few  breeders  and  judges,  who 


25  PREFACE. 

have  made  a  specialty  of  this  breed,  which  latter,  like  most 
other  breeds  of  terriers,  has  to  be  known  to  be  appreciated 
at  its  proper  value. 

We  fully  recognize  that  a  publication  like  this  must 
necessarily  be,  in  a  great  measure,  a  compilation ;  and  any 
attempt  to  prepare  a  work  of  this  character  without  taking 
advantage,  to  the  fullest  extent,  of  the  labors  and  knowledge 
of  acknowledged  authorities,  would  result  in  a  failure.  This 
treatise  does  not,  therefore,  claim  to  have  any  literary  pre- 
tensions, but  only  to  be  a  collection  of  reliable  and  interest- 
ing facts  and  records,  and  we  take  pleasure  in  acknowledging 
the  valuable  aid  derived  from  the  various  authorities  quoted. 

We  confidently  hope  and  believe  that  the  more  thoroughly 
the  general  character  and  merits  of  the  different  breeds  of 
terriers  are  understood  and  appreciated,  the  less  danger  will 
there  be  in  having  these  useful  dogs  degenerate  into  mere 
ladies'  pets,  —  fit  for  the  show-bench  only. 


CHAPTER     I. 

Early  Histjry  of  the  Irish    Terrier. 

The  early  history  of  the  Irish  Terrier  seems  somevvhat 
vague  and  mixed,  and  opinions  as  to  its  origin  seem  to  differ 
considerably.  •'  Stonehenge  '"  at  first  refused  to  recognize 
in  his  book  a  dog  about  which,  at  the  time,  no  two  seemed 
to  agree,  and  which  it  was  believed  in  no  way  differed  from 
the  old  Scotch  Terrier  commonly  met  v;ith  in  the  early  part 
of  the  present  century. 

In  "Vero  Shaw's"  "Book  of  the  Dog,"  Mr.  George  R. 
Krehl,  one  of  the  most  enthusiastic  admirers  of  the  breed, 
as  well  as  a  prominent  breeder  and  authority,  is  quoted  as 
follows  : 

••  The  Irish  terrier  is  a  true  and  distinct  breed  indigenous  to  Ireland, 
and  no  man  can  trace  its  origin,  which  is  lost  in  antiquity. 

'■  Mr.  Ridgway,  of  Waterford,  whose  name  is  familiar  in  Irish 
terrier  circles,  from  having  drawai  up  the  first  code  of  points,  states  that 
they  have  been  known  in  Ireland  as  long  as  that  country  has  been  an 
Island,  and  I  ground  my  faith  in  their  age  and  purity  on  the  fact  that 
there  exists  '  old  manuscript  in  Irish  '  mentioning  the  existence  of  the 
breed  at  a  very  remote  period.  In  old  pictures  representing  scenes  of 
Irish  life,  an  Irish  terrier  or  two  are  often  to  be  descried.  Ballymena 
and  County  Wicklow  may  almost  claim  to  be  the  birthplace  of  the  breed. 
Most  of  the  best  specimens  hail  from  Ballymena  and  the  neighborhood, 
where  Mr.  Thomas  Erwin,  of   Irish   setter  fame,  boasts  an  extensive 


30 


THE    IRISH    TERRIER. 


experience  of  this  breed,  and  has  always  kept  a  few  of  the  right  old 
working  sort  for  sporting  purposes ;  and  in  County  Wicklow,  Mr.  Merry 
says  it  is  well  known  that  the  pure  breed  of  Irish  terriers  has  been  care- 
fully kept  distinct,  and  highly  prized  for  more  than  a  century.  Mr.  E.  F. 
Despard,  whose  name  is  well  known  in  Irish  terrier  circles  as  a  very  suc- 
ces-sful  breeder  and  exhibitor,  claims  an  acquaintance  of  over  forty  years 
with  the  breed. 

"  Mr.  George  Jameson,  too,  has  known  and  kept  them  many  years, 
and  up  till  a  little  while  ago  had  won  more  prizes  than  all  the  rest  of  the 
breeders  put  together.  I  mention  these  proofs  of  the  age  of  the  breed 
to  show  those  who  have  lately  come  to  admire  them  that  it  is  not  a 
made-up,  composite  or  mushroom  breed.   .   .   ." 

From  the  same  authority  we  quote : 

"  Now,  although  they  have  always  been  Ireland's  national  terrier, 
yet  it  must  be  admitted,  and  it  is  only  too  patent,  that  for  many  years 
the  breed  had  been  much  neglected,  —  allowed  to  '  grow  wild,'  in  fact, 
and  left  too  much  in  the  hands  of  one  class.  I  cast  no  reflection  on 
'  the  foinest  pisintry  in  Europe  '  when  I  say  that,  knowing  nothing  of 
dog  shows,  they  bred  to  no  standard,  and  kept  their  dogs  for  work  ;  and 
if  they  thought  that  a  cross  with  neighbor  Mickey's  dog  would  improve 
their  own  in  that  quality,  they  did  not  stop  to  inquire  about  pedigree. 
In  this  manner  the  breed  depreciated,  and  Scotch  and  other  blood  crept 
in,  to  the  injury  of  the  pure  breed;  but,  fortunately,  when  the  tide  in 
their  favor  set  in,  the  genuine  breeder  found  plenty  of  pure,  unadulterated 
material  to  commence  upon." 

Mr.  R.  G.  Ridgway,  of  W'aterford,  who  was  most  promi- 
nent in  the  drawing  up  of  the  standard  of  excellence  and 
code  of  points  descriptive  of  the  Irish  terrier,  claims  for  this 
dog  a  long  and  pure  descent.      He  says : 

"That  the  Irish  terrier  is  and  has  been  a  pure  breed  of  dogs 
indigenous  to  Ireland,  is  a  fact  undoubted,  and  undisputed  by  the  oldest 
fanciers  and  breeders  still  living,  who  can  well   remember  the  dog  fifty 


THE    IRISH    TERRIER.  3 1 

or  sixty  years  ago,  and  at  a  time  before  the  introduction  to  this  country 
of  the  Skye,  Yorkshire  or  English  Bull  terrier,  now  so  fashionable  in 
many  parts." 

Mr.  Rawdon  B.  Lee,  Kennel  Editor  of  the  London 
"  Field,"  has  recently  published  his  work  entitled  "  A  His- 
tory and  Description  of  the  Modern  Dogs  of  Great  Britain 
and  Ireland,"  and  one  of  the  volumes  deals  entirely  with 
terriers.     Here  we  find  the  following  : 

"  Mr.  W.  J.  Cotton,  of  Blessington,  County  Wicklow,  who  has  bred 
and  kept  Irish  terriers  for  a  great  number  of  years,  writes  characteristi- 
cally of  their  origin  as  follows  : 

"  To  Sir  Walter  Raleigh,  through  potato  skins,  the  Irish  cottier,  and 
hardships,  we  owe  the  Irish  terrier.  When  Ireland  was  more  thickly 
inhabited,  there  were  small  parties  of  cottiers  grouped  together ;  each 
had  his  cabbage  and  potato  garden  badly  fenced,  and  each  family  spent 
the  greater  portion  of  their  time  round  the  turf  hearth,  watching  the 
murphies  boil.  The  circle  was  incomplete,  and  liable  to  be  disturbed  in 
their  beloved  indolence,  without  a  dog,  which  was  hissed  on  when  the 
neighboring  pig  or  goat  invaded  the  boundary  of  the  estate.  A  large 
dog  required  too  much  support ;  one  with  some  spice  of  pluck  was, 
however,  required  in  order  to  enforce  its  authority.  The  combination 
of  Pat,  pig,  and  potatoes,  was  conducive  of  rats, — and  rats  of  sport  and 
rivalry.  As  such  terriers  were  indiscriminately  bred,  and  all  ran  wild, 
the  dog  with  the  most  pluck  exercised  the  largest  influence  on  the  breed. 
We  can  thus  imagine  the  pups  bearing  the  greatest  resemblance  to  any 
particular  champion  were  selected ;  hence  in  this  respect  the  survival  of 
the  fittest.  During  the  day,  as  described,  these  terriers  lay  at  the  fire, 
and  at  night,  though  the  pig  might  be  given  a  corner  of  the  cabin,  the 
terrier  was  shown  the  outside  of  the  door,  to  guard  the  larder,  — which 
was  the  potato  pit, — look  after  the  general  safety  of  the  estate,  and  to 
find  a  bed  in  the  ditch  or  butt  of  the  haycock.  Generations  of  this 
treatment  developed  them  into  the  'pine  knots'  they  are. 


32  THE    IRISH    TERRIER. 

"  Driving  along  the  roads  any  hour  of  the  night,  this  state  of  things 
you  Avill  find  still  to  exist,  and  it  is  a  matter  of  wonder  how  the  inmates 
sleep  and  quite  ignore  the  choruses  of  howls  on  moonlight  nights.  I 
believe,  myself,  that  the  Irish  garrisons  distributed  over  the  country  the 
bull-dog,  which  was  used  for  crossing.  As  many  native  fanciers  say,  to 
this  day,  there  is  nothing  like  a  '  eras  '  of  the  bull,  and  I  think  the  Irish 
terriers'  disposition  largely  shows  it.  You  find  them  still  of  all  types, 
long  in  leg,  short  on  leg,  and  long  in  body,  and  ci"ooked  in  legs,  and  of 
all  colors,  —  red,  black,  blue,  brindle, — and  those  with  tan  legs  often 
have  the  best  coats.  I  know,  at  the  present  time,  brindles  showing 
more  of  the  modern  type,  as  regards  length  of  leg  and  general  conforma- 
tion, than  the  other  colors. 

"  There  is  a  glen  (Imaal)  in  the  Wicklow  mountains  that  has  always 
been,  and  still  is,  justly  celebrated  for  its  terriers.  It  would  be  hard  to 
specify  their  color  in  particular,  —  the  wheaten,  in  all  shades,  to  that  of 
bright  red.  In  Kerry,  I  think  the  black-blue  is  most  prevalent;  quite 
black  very  uncommon,  and  I  hardly  ever  saw  a  good  specimen  that 
color.  Mr.  Chas.  Galway,  of  Waterford,  the  breeder  of  the  celebrated 
greyhound  Master  McGrath,  tor  years,  long  before  the  Irish  terrier  came 
into  fashion,  always  kept  and  bred  the  variety,  and  I  am  told  there  was 
no  getting  one  from  him.  I  am  also  informed  the  coats  of  his  terriers 
were  rather  inclined  to  curl,  and  that  the  dogs  themselves  were  unde- 
niably game." 

On  another  page  in  the  same  book  we  find  : 

"'Mr.  C.  J.  Barnett,  of  Hambleden,  whose  name  is  a  household 
word  in  connection  with  Irish  terriers,  says :  '  There  is  no  doubt  that 
the  Irish  terrier  was  the  common  terrier  of  Ireland  a  century  ago,  and 
is  to  this  day  the  friend  and  companion  of  the  native.  IJefore  railways 
were  introduced,  inter-breeding,  in  certain  localities,  caused  a  type  which 
might  have  varied  slightly  in  certain  districts.   .   .  . 

Speaking  of  terriers  in  general,  Mr.  Lee  says  : 
"  Since  Stonehenge's  '  Dogs  of  the  IJritish  Isles  '  was  first  published 
(in  1867),  which  included  the  same  varieties  he  had  given  eight  years 


THE    IRISH    TERRIER.  33 

earlier,  in  his  '  Rural  Sports,'  great  strides  have  been  made  in  the 
improvement  and  classification  of  our  terriers,  and  the  volumes  of  the 
Stud  Book  of  the  Kennel  Club  contain  varieties  which,  by  careful  selec- 
tion, no  doubt  originally  came  from  one  stock,  with  the  additions  of 
various  crosses.  Our  newest  strains  have  become  popularized,  and  as 
it  were,  individualized, — including  the  Welsh  terrier,  the  Airedale  terrier, 
the  Clydesdale  or  I'aisley  terrier,  and  perhaps  the  Scotch  and  Irish 
terriers  (though  I  fancy  that  both  these  varieties  are  actually  much  older 
as  such  than  they  are  usually  given  credit  for)." 

The  following  notes  by  Mr.  W.  C.  Bennett,  of  Dublin, 
will  perhaps  be  interesting,  although  they  go  over  much  the 
same  ground  as  that  which  we  have  already  traversed  : 

"  From  what  I  have  been  a]:)le  to  gather  from  those  who,  like  myself, 
are  interested  in  this  variety  of  the  canine  race,  and  from  what  I  can 
recall  of  early  specimens.  I  have  come  to  the  conclusion  that  the  present 
show  terriers  are  a  more  or  less  '  made-up  '  breed,  though  doubtless  a 
variety  of  terrier  existed,  resembling  the  present  dogs,  somewhat  as  a 
half-bred  filly  resembles  a  thoroughbred  mare. 

•'  My  first  recollection  of  the  breed  dates  back  some  thirty  years,  to 
a  brace  of  bitches  owned  by  a  relative  residing  in  Parsonstown,  who 
procured  them  from  a  trainer  on  the  Curragh.  They  were  high  on  the 
leg,  somewhat  open  in  coat,  and  wheaten  in  color,  and  this  latter  is,  I 
have  always  considered,  the  proper  shade  for  the  jacket  of  any  Irish 
terrier.  Most  of  the  earlier  specimens  exhibited  were  of  this  hue, — 
the  bright  red  now,  or  recently,  so  fashionable,  being  almost  unknown. 
About  the  same  time,  or  a  few  years  later  perhaps,  I  made  the  acquaint- 
ance of  a  rare  old  stamp  of  bitch,  which  was  brought  from  the  North 
of  Ireland,  and  many  a  day's  outing  we  had  together.  She  was  harder 
and  closer  in  coat  than  those  mentioned  above,  colored  bright  wheaten, 
and  nearer  in  shape  and  character,  and  in  all  respects,  to  the  present 
show  type  than  anything  else  I  saw  at  that  period. 

"  Few  people  in  those  early  days  gave  much  attention  to  the  appear- 


34  THE    IRISH    ^^ERRIER. 

ance  of  their  terriers,  and  if  they  were  game,  and  good  at  destroying  rats 
and  other  vermin,  tlrey  would  be  kept  and  bred  from,  and  as  these  terriers 
were  principally  owned  by  farmers  and  cottiers,  who  kept  one  or  two 
roaming  about  their  houses  and  farms,  they  were  hardly  likely  to  be  very 
select  in  the  matter  of  breeding.  Even  to  this  day,  in  parts  of  ihe  coun- 
try, one  comes  across  this  old  breed,  as  often  as  not  with  tails  undocked, 
and  sometimes,  alas !  showing  a  dash  of  greyhound  blood.  Many  of 
them,  too,  are  brindled  in  color,  and  certainly  smart,  terrier-like  animals. 

"  I  have  several  times  been  assured,  by  those  from  whom  I  sought 
information,  that  a  special  strain  of  Irish  terriers  was  kept  in  their  fam- 
ilies for  generations,  and  they  usually  described  them  as  wheaten  colored, 
open  coated,  with  long,  punishing  jaws;  and  I  was  shown,  by  a  friend 
of  mine  (lately  deceased),  a  game-looking  wheaten-colored  bitch,  long 
and  low  on  the  leg,  with  a  very  open  coat,  long,  level  head,  with  little  or 
no  stop  visible. 

"  County  Wicklow  lays  claim  to  a  breed  of  what  were  so-called  Irish 
terriers.  They  frequently  showed  a  blue  shade  on  the  back,  were  long- 
in  body  and  rather  short  on  leg,  and  even  so  recently  as  the  year  1887, 
a  class  was  given  at  the  show  held  in  Limerick,  for  silver-haired  Irish 
terriers,  the  specimens  exhibited  being  a  slate-blue  color.  They  were 
not,  to  my  mind,  a  distinct  variety,  nor  very  terrier-like  in  appearance  ; 
and  I  believe  the  difficulty  in  getting  a  uniformity  of  type  when  breeding 
from  the  very  best  blood  obtainable  is  proof  positive  that  more  than  one 
strain  was  used  in  producing  the  present  fashionable  dog. 

"  In  the  first  collection  I  saw  in  the  Exhil^ition  Palace  Show,  held 
in  Dublin  early  in  the  seventies,  there  were  scarcely  two  of  the  same 
size  or  weight  exhibited,  and  with  few,  very  few,  exceptions,  they  were  a 
rough  lot. 

"The  North  of  Ireland  was  the  stronghold  of  the  Irish  terriers  for 
many  a  day,  and  still  holds  its  own,  with  Mr.  William  Graham  to  aid  it. 
Even  there  I  should  doubt  if  a  pure  descent  of  Irish  terrier  could  be 
traced  back  for  thirty  years,  as  so  long  ago  no  one  cared  to  go  to  the 
trouble  of  breeding  them  to  one  uniform  type ;    and  those  who  used 


THE    IRISH    TERRIER.  35 

them  for  fighting  purposes,  crossed  them  with  the  bull  terrier,  to 
increase  their  gameness  and  punishing  power. 

"  Wexford,  Dublin,  and  other  parts,  had  strains  of  their  own,  and 
when  classes  were  formed  at  shows,  and  good  prizes  offered,  fair  speci- 
mens of  the  old  sort  were  to  be  had,  which,  with  judicious  mating,  pro- 
duced a  level  and  neat  terrier;  but  these,  as  before  observed,  frequently 
threw  back  to  the  old  stock,  and  sometimes  a  rough,  open-coated  puppy 
still  appears  in  the  best  bred  litters,  differing  from  all  his  brothers  and 
sisters.  Strange  to  say,  the  freedom  from  stop,  which  is  one  of  the 
characteristics  of  the  present  dog,  was  highly  thought  of  in  the  dogs 
bred  in  former  days,  and  as  the  ears  were  almost  invariably  cropped,  it 
mattered  little  how  they  came  ;  but  if  uncut,  were  usually  heavy  and 
carried  low  on  the  head. 

"  A  glance  at  the  earlier  show  catalogues  confirms  what  I  have 
written  above  as  to  the  doubtful  breeding  of  the  earlier  terriers. 

"  Take  the  Exhibition  Palace  Show  at  Dublin  in  1874.  Here  classes 
were  divided  as  '  dogs  and  bitches  exceeding  nine  pounds,  and  dogs  and 
bitches  under  that  weight.'  In  the  former  class,  ten  competed,  and  half 
that  number  had  no  pedigree  assigned  to  them ;  in  the  latter  class,  only 
three  competed, — one  of  these,  the  second  prize  winner,  having  no  pedi- 
gree. The  following  year,  three  classes  were  provided,  including  a 
champion  class  '  for  winners  of  a  first  prize  at  any  show.'  Dogs  over 
nine  pounds  and  bitches  over  nine  pounds.  Four  champions  (save  the 
mark!)  competed;  two  had  pedigrees,  and  the  other  two  had  none.  In 
dogs  over  nine  pounds,  six  competed,  two  only  having  pedigrees.  Four 
bitches  over  nine  pounds  were  entered,  half  that  number  having  pedigrees 
and  half  not. 

"  In  the  Dublin  Show,  in  1S78,  there  were  even  fewer  competitors, 
a  dog  and  bitch  class  being  given,  with  no  restrictions  as  to  weight.  In 
the  former,  there  were  four  entries,  and  in  the  latter,  three,  but  only  two 
of  the  lot  appear  to  be  able  to  boast  of  a  pedigree. 

"  Does  not  the  above  prove  that  pedigrees,  in  those  days,  were  little 
attended  to.?  otherwise,  surely,  they  would  be  stated,  if  known.  Some 
of   the  entries  in   these  old  catalogues  are  amusing,  one  entry  being 


36  THE    IRISH    TERRIER. 

described  as  '  Pedigree  terrier,  well  bred  ;  '  another,  appropriately  named 
'The  Limb,  this  bitch  has  jumped  off  all  the  highest  bridges  in  and 
about  Dublin.'  Needless  to  say,  she  was  entered  as  -not  for  sale.' 
'  Jack '  appears  to  have  been  a  favorite  name,  and  three  with  this  cogno- 
men competed  in  one  class  ;  and,  oh  !  '  the  grumbling '  at  the  awards,  for 
every  one  thought  his  tyke  the  only  true  and  only  genuine  article,  and 
owners  were  by  no  means  loth  to  express  their  opinions  in  words." 

Vero  Shaw  gives  the  following  account  of  the  earlier  dog 
shows  at  which  Irish  terriers  appeared : 

"At  Belfast,  in  June,  1875,  ^^''  Ii'i^h  Terrier  Club  was  for  the  first 
time  spoken  of,  but  nothing  came  of  it.  Before  this  time,  a  discussion 
upon  the  points  of  the  breed  had  been  going  on  in  the  '  Live  Stock 
Journal,'  and  in  July,  1875,  ^"  illustration  was  given  of  two  of  Dr.  Marks' 
dogs.  The  illustration  does  not,  however,  represent  the  modern  type  of 
Irish  terrier  at  all ;  they  look  like  Scotch  terriers  with  a  few  drops  of 
Irish  blood  in  them.  They  have  long  hair  all  over  the  head  and  neck, 
and  it  actually  parts  down  the  centre.  What  could  be  more  Scotch  ?  .  .  . 
The  surest  sign  of  Scotch  blood  in  a  rough  terrier  is  the  length  of  hair 
on  the  forehead.  Another  thing  which  goes  to  prove  the  Scotch  cross, 
is  the  vein  or  furrow  running  up  the  centre  of  the  forehead.  This  is 
not  to  be  met  with  in  Irish  terriers." 

The  above,  of  course,  refers  to  the  old-fashioned  Scotch 
terriers.  Regarding  the  incompetency  of  the  Judges  at  the 
Alexandra  Palace  Show,  in  December,  1878,  Vero  Shaw 
says  : 

"The  pent-up  feelings  of  the  Irish  Terriers  now  burst  forth,  and 
first  took  shape  in  a  petition,  which  was  to  be  presented  to  the  Kennel 
Club,  praying  them  in  future  to  appoint  them  special  judges,  or.  failing 
that,  to  let  the  same  gentlemen  that  had  wire-haired  fox  terriers  also 
judge  Irish  terriers.  .  .  .  However,  seeing  the  support  which  the  petition 
promised  to  receive,  the  question  was  raised:   Why  not  establish  a  Clul) 


THE    IRISH    TERRIER.  37 

at  once?  In  a  week  or  two  the  Club  numbered  fifty,  nearly  half  of 
which  were  Englishmen.  Even  so  soon,  the  Irish  Terrier  Clul3  was  one 
of  the  greatest  successes  in  the  dog  clubs  on  record,  and  since  that  time 
the  number  and  interest  in  it  have  gone  on  increasing." 

As  will  be  seen  from  the  foregoing,  it  is  only  within  the 
past  fifteen  to  twenty  years  that  the  popularity  of  the  Irish 
terrier  has  come  about,  and,  during  this  time,  lovers  of  the 
breed,  —  those  who  know  best  its  inherent  good  and  useful 
qualities,  —  worked  hard  and  patiently  to  gain  for  it  public 
recognition  as  a  distinct  variety,  and.  labored  long  before 
success  crowned  their  efforts.  As  stated  before,  previous  to 
this  period,  the  breed  was  much  neglected,  and  allowed  to 
degenerate,  and  undoubtedly  Scotch  and  other  blood  crept 
in,  to  the  injury  of  the  pure  breed. 

Of  those  who  have  done  so  much  to  popularize  this 
hardy  terrier,  the  following  may  be  mentioned  as  among  the 
pioneers  :  Messrs.  Morton,  Erwin,  Ridgway,  Montgomery, 
Jameson,  Crosbee  Smith  and  Dr.  Marks,  and,  later,  Messrs. 
A.  Krehl,  G.  R.  Krehl,  Despard,  Dr.  Carey,  Waterhouse, 
and  manv  others. 


CHAPTER    IL 

The  Modern   Terrier  and  His  Recent  Development  to  the 
Present  Standard. 

We  quote  from  Mr.  Lee's  book : 

'•The  Irish  Terrier  Club  was  estabhshed  in  1879,  and,  proving 
unusually  liberal  in  supporting  certain  shows,  has  no  doubt  done  much 
to  popularize  the  variety  over  which  it  looks.  .  .  .  The  popularity  of  the 
Irish  terrier  has  only  come  about  during  the  past  fifteen  years  or  so. 
Dog  shows  have  been  his  fortune,  and  the  Club  has  no  doubt  assisted 
him  to  his  high  position.  ...  A  good  one  will  bring  a  hundred  pounds 
any  time  you  want  to  sell  it.  A  first-class  Irish  terrier  is  worth  about 
as  much  as  a  fox  terrier,  and,  as  a  so-called  marketable  commodity, 
ranks  only  after  the  latter,  the  collie,  and  the  St.  Bernard  in  value.  He 
is  a  favorite  dog,  hence  his  worth.  ...  It  was  as  far  back  as  about  1882 
that  I  was  judging  dogs  at  Belfast,  and  was  then  very  much  struck  with 
the  extraordinary  character  possessed  by  sundry  Irish  terriers  which  were 
brought  into  the  ring.  They  included  Mr.  J.  N.  R.  Pim's  '  Erin,'  perhaps 
the  best  all-round  specimen  of  her  race  that  ever  lived,  — -  her  progeny, 
'  Poppy'  and  '  Playboy,'  —  and  there  were  several  other  typical  terriers, 
whose  names  do  not  occur  to  me.  I  became  enamored  of  the  variety, 
and  then  prognosticated  a  popular  future  for  them  should  they  only 
breed  fairly  true  to  character  and  type,  and  be  produced  with  ears  that 
did  not  recjuire  cutting.  That  I  was  not  far  wrong  is  plainly  in  evidence, 
as  the  Irish  terrier  must  certainly  be  placed  as  the  second  terrier  in  pop- 
ularity at  the  time  I  write. 

"The  early  volumes  of  the  'Kennel  Club  .Stud  Book'  did  not 
contain  special  classes  for  Irish  terriers,  they  being  grouped  with  the 
wire-haired  fox-terriers.  However,  in  1S76  they  had  a  division  for  them- 
selves, in  which  there  were  nineteen  entries,  five  of  which  were  owned 
by  Mr.  G.  Jameson,  of  Newtownards.  To  prove  how  the  variety  has 
increased  since  then,  attention   need  only  be  called  to  the  two  hundred 


IHE    IRISH    TERRIER.  39 

and  twenty  names  of  Irish  terriers  that  appear  in  the  most  recent  volume 
of  the  Stud  Book  published  in  1S93.  In  1S78  and  1879,  Birmingham 
first  arranged  classes  for  Irish  terriers,  and  in  the  latter  year,  when  there 
were  fifteen  entries,  Messrs.  Carey,  W.  Graham,  A.  Krehl  and  G.  R. 
Krehl  were  amongst  the  exhibitors  in  the  two  divisions  provided. 

'•  Nearly  all  the  best  terriers  are  descended  from  '  Killiney  Boy,' 
bred  by  Mr.  Burke  of  Queen  Street,  Dublin,  and  it  is  difficult  to  find 
one  that  has  not  some  drop  of  his  blood  in  his  veins.  This  dog  passed 
to  a  Mr.  Flannigan,  residing  at  Castlenock,  which  place  was  purchased' 
by  Mr.  Donnegan,  Dane  Street,  Dublin,  who  found  '  Killiney  Boy'  run- 
ning about,  deserted.  The  dog  was  duly  adopted,  and  afterward  given 
to  Mr.  Howard  Waterhouse,  with  whom  he  died  a  short  time  ago.  Many 
terriers  trace  their  union  back  to  that  dog  with  a  bitch  named  '  Erin,' 
bought  by  Mr.  W.  Graham  of  Belfast,  before  being  shown  at  Dublin  in 
1S79.  This  bitch  was  perhaps  the  best  Irish  terrier  ever  seen,  and  I  very 
much  doubt  if  any  terrier  of  to-day  is  her  superior,  if  her  equal.  Both 
'Killiney  Boy'  and  'Erin'  were  cropped;  but  in  their  first  litter  there 
was  a  puppy  born  whose  ears  were  so  good  that  they  were  allowed  to 
remain  as  Nature  made  them.  This  puppy  was  afterwards  named  '  Play 
Boy  ' ;  the  others  in  the  litter  were  '  Poppy,'  •  Pagan  II.,"  Gerald,'  '  Pretty 
Lass,'  with  '  Peggy,'  who,  later  on,  was  dam  of  Ciarryford.  This  must  l)e 
acknowledged  as  a  most  extraordinary  litter,  and  such  a  one  has  seldom 
been  produced  at  one  time. 

••  •  Erin  '  was  afterwards  mated  with  another  dog,  named  '  Paddy  II.,' 
and  -(larryowen'  and  'Glory'  were  two  of  their  puppies,  and  a  bitch 
named  -Jess,'  who  put  to  -Killiney  Boy,'  threw  a  dog  called  '  Gripper.' 
The  latter  was  not  successful  at  the  Stud,  and  bitches  by  him,  when  put 
to  dogs  by  either  Killiney  Boy  or  dogs  descended  from  him,  are  very  apt 
to  throw  black  and  tan,  brindle  or  grey. 

•■  Play  Boy'  was  not  a  success  in  the  Stud,  though  he  has  sired  a 
dog  named  '  Bogie  Rattler,'  who  took  after  him  in  good  looks  and  good 
ears,  but  was  lower  on  the  legs,  more  cloddy,  and  not  of  '  Play  Boy's  '  qual- 
ity.   '  Bogie '  mated  with  '  Biddy  III.,'  by  Clripper'  and  'Cora'  (drop  ears), 


40  THE    IRISH    TERRIER. 

produced,  first,  Champion  '  Bachelor,'  and  in  the  next  litter,  •  Benedict.' 

"'Benedict'  became  the  most  celebrated  Stud  dog  of  the  day,  for 
he  is  sire  or  grandsire  of  more  winners  than  any  other  Irish  terrier. 

"  '  Bachelor '  was  very  successful  in  the  show  ring,  and  took  after  his 
sire  and  grandsire  in  having  a  good  pair  of  ears.  He  had  also  a  very 
hard  coat,  of  good  color,  yellow,  tipped  with  red.  a  long  neck,  which 
was  very  muscular,  and  a  well-shaped  head,  which  never  grew  too  thick. 
His  hindquarters  were  rather  short,  and  his  shoulders  somewhat  coarse, 
the  latter  no  doubt  caused  by  the  amount  of  work  he  did.  '  Benedict ' 
^vas  a  darker  color,  with  a  lot  of  coat  on  his  forequarters,  but  little  on  his 
loin  or  hindquarters,  and  of  rather  a  lighter  make  than  '  Bachelor.'  It 
may  interest  my  readers  to  know  that  in  the  litter  which  included  '  Bach- 
elor '  there  were  three  red,  one  grey,  and  five  rough-black  and  tan-colored 
puppies,  and  in  that  in  which  '  Benedict '  was  produced  there  were  three 
red  and  five  rough-black  and  tan  in  hue. 

"  A  noted  rival  of  '  Bachelor's '  on  the  show  was  Mr.  Graham's 
'  Extreme  Carelessness  (afterwards  sold  to  ^Ir.  Graves  of  Liverpool),  a 
bitch  that,  when  a  puppy,  was  almost  black,  or  rather,  nearly  every  hair 
was  more  black  than  yellow.  At  four  years  of  age,  the  tips  of  a  few 
hairs  only  were  black;  and  two  years  ago,  just  before  she  died,  I  saw 
the  old  bitch  in  Ireland,  looking  very  fit  and  well,  but  of  a  beautiful 
yellow-red  color,  and  entirely  free  from  any  black  tinge.  She  was  given 
back  to  Mr.  Graham  after  she  had  finished  her  show  career.  '  Extreme 
Carelessness '  was  cropped,  her  head  rather  heavy,  and  she  had  a  slight 
slackness  behind  the  shoulders  ;  otherwise  she  was  a  charming  bitch  of 
great  character  and  of  good  quality.  She  and  'Bachelor'  had  many 
hard  struggles  for  'specials,'  their  successes  being  about  equal. 

'^ '  Erin,'  two  years  after  her  celebrated  litter,  again  visited  '  Killiney 
Boy,'  and  threw  a  bitch,  '  Droleen,'  who,  put  to  a  long-haired  dog  named 
'  Michael,'  by  '  Pagan  II.,'  a  grandson  of  both  ■  Killiney  Boy  '  and  '  Erin.' 
threw  for  her  owner,  Mr.  E.  A.  Wiener,  the  best  dog  since  '  Bachelor's' 
days,  '  Brickbat '  by  name,  who  has  had  a  most  successful  show  career, 
winning  the  Challenge  Cup,  given  by  the  Irish  Terrier  Club,  twelve  times, 
without  once  being  defeated,  and  finallv  he  secured  it  outright. 


THE    IRISH    TERRIER.  41 

"  '  Brickbat '  is  unfortunately  cropped,  and  his  expression  requires 
greater  smartness.  He  is  ratlier  too  big,  and  has  a  mere  apology  of 
a  stern ;  otherwise  this  excellent  terrier  is  pretty  nearly  perfect.  .  .  . 
Although  '  Brickbat ''  has  retired  from  the  show-bench,  he  is  still  alive 
and  vigorous.  .   .  . 

"  Some  of  the  best  Irish  terriers  have  already  been  mentioned,  but 
omission  should  not  be  made  of  dogs  so  good  as  '  Gripper ' ;  Major 
Arnand's  '  Fury  II. ' ;  ^  Phadruig  ;  Dr.  Carey's  '  Sting  ' ;  •  Peter  Bodger  ' 
(Mr.  AVaterhouse) ;  Mr.  H.  A.  (braves'  '  Glory'  (the  smallest  Irish  terrier 
that  attained  champion  honors) ;  Mr.  W.  Graham's  '  Gilford  ' ;  Mr.  Back- 
house's '  Buster,'  '  Bumptious  Biddy,' and  'Begum';  '  Nora  Tatters,' a 
great  favorite  of  mine,  with  '  Droleen  '  and  '  Bencher,'  all  Mr.  Wiener's ; 
Mr.  Sumner's 'St.  George'  and  '  B.  A.' ;  '  Dan'l  II.,'  Breadenhill ;  Mr. 
F.  Break  ell's  '  Bonnet ' ;  Mr.  Mayell's  '  Chaperon  '  and  Mr.  A.  E.  Clear's 
'  Breda  Mixer.'  Still  another  youngster  that  I  opine  will  not  be  long  in 
becoming  a  champion,  is  Mr.  C.  J.  Barnett's  '  Black  Sheep,'  — a  dog  of 
twenty-four  pound  weight,  about  the  size  the  best  of  them  have  been. 
His  dark  face  may  be  objectionable,  and  he  is  perhaps  a  mere  trifle  long 
in  back  ;  but,  all  round,  I  have  never  seen  a  Ijetter  terrier,  and  I  fancy 
that,  assisted  by  his  excellent  pair  of  natural  ears^  he  will  be  the  first  dog 
to  lower  the  colors  of  Mr.  Wiener's  so  long  successful  '  Brickbat,'  if  his 
owner  has  the  temerity  to  place  the  latter  on  the  bench  again. 

"  Another  favorite  Irish  terrier  of  mine  is  Mr.  Barnett's  '  Birthright.' 
She  weighs  eighteen  pounds,  and  has  been  kept  out  of  many  prizes 
because  some  judges  consider  her  too  small.  Her  character  and  general 
form  are  exquisite.  Other  typical  Irish  terriers,  up  to  date,  are  Mrs. 
Butcher's  '  Bawnboy  '  and  '  Ted  Malone  ' ;  Mr.  T.  Yarr's  '  Poor  Pat ' ; 
Mr.  F.  Parkyn's  'Firefly';  Mr.  Jowett's  '  Crowgill  Sportsman';  Mr.  C. 
B.  Murless's  'Magic';  Mr.  Krehl's  'Bishop's  Boy";  Mr.  Wallace's 
'Treasurer';  whilst  from  time  to  time  Mr.  James  Sumner,  Mr.  J.  W. 
Taylor,  Dr.  Marsh,  Mr.  F.  W.  Jowett,  Mr.  H.  Benner,  Mr.  C  R.  Norton, 
Mr.  C.  M.  Nicholson  and  Mr.  T.  C.  Tisdall  have  all  owned  Irish  terriers 
of  more  than  ordinary  excellence." 


42  THE    IRISH    TERRIER. 

More  value  than  ever  is  now  being  attached  to  good  ears, 
and  a  marked  improvement  is  visible.  A  very  strong  feel- 
ing has  grown  up  against  cropping,  which  was  done  very 
extensively  in  former  years.  Good  ears  must  now  be  bred 
for,  and  breeders  will  have  to  produce  dogs  that  do  not 
require  cropping.  Acting  on  the  advice  of  the  Irish  Terrier 
Club,  the  English  Kennel  Club  has  passed  a  rule  that  no 
cropped  Irish  terrier,  born  since  December  31,  1889,  can 
compete  at  shov/s  under  their  rules. 

The  most  preferable  and  fashionable  color  is  a  bright  red 
and  orange,  tipped  with  red ;  but  other  shades  are  by  no 
means  signs  of  bad  breeding.  Color  is  merely  a  question 
of  fashion,  and,  as  red  or  yellow  are  now  considered  the 
"  correct  "  color,  the  dark  puppies  are  generally  destroyed. 
The  dam  of  ''  Killiney  Boy," — the  very  pillar  of  the  breed, — 
was  a  rough  black-and-tan,  and  the  type  now  accepted  as  the 
Welsh  terrier.  As  already  stated,  in  the  litter  which  included 
that  successful  dog  "  Bachelor,"  there  were  three  red,  one 
grey,  and  five  rough  black-and-tan  colored  puppies  ;  and  in 
that  in  which  the  celebrated  "  Benedict  "  was  produced  there 
were  three  red  and  five  rough  black-and-tan  in  hue. 

In  Mr.  Lee's  book  we  find  the  following  interesting 
remarks  regarding  color  and  coat : 


•■  When  red  puppies  are  born  in  the  same  litter  as  black-and-tans, 
the  former  are  nearly  always  a  good  bright  red ;  but  the  black-and-tan 
have  the  better  coats,  invariably  as  hard  as  pin  wire.  I  am  by  no  means 
certain  that,  by  not  using  the  latter  to  breed  from,  we  are  losing  the  hard, 
wiry  coats,  and  brighter  red  color ;  and  were  it  not  for  the  art  of  trim- 


THE    IRISH    TERRIER.  43 

ming,  many  of  our  winning  terriers  would  have  coats  almost  as  shaggy 
as  are  found  on  some  mountain  sheep.'" 

The  following  we  copy  from  "  Whispers,"  in  the  "  English 
Stock  Keeper,"  probably  expressing  Mr.  Khrel's  opinion  : 

"Dark  shadings  in  Irish  terriers  frequently  form  the  subject  of 
serious  discussion  among  the  breeders  of  this  variety,  and  by  those  whose 
knowledge  of  the  breed  is  superficial,  are  suspiciously  regarded  as  evi- 
dence of  a  taint  in  the  pedigree.  These  wiseacres  have  as  little  founda- 
tion for  their  surmises  as  a  certain  all-round  judge  possesses  for  calling 
Irish  terriers  a  made-up  and  fabricated  breed,  and  who,  in  the  same 
breath,  would  probably  be  capable  of  considering  bull-terriers  to  have  a 
better  claim  to  purity  of  strain.  The  wheaten  red  is,  now-a-days,  the 
orthodox  Irish  terrier  color;  but  people  who  know  this  breed  in  the 
rough,  are  cognizant  of  the  fact  that  the  national  terrier  of  Ireland  is 
to  be  met  with,  in  different  parts  of  the  country,  of  various  shades  of 
color.  The  grey-blue  used  to  be  highly  esteemed,  brindles  are  to  be  met 
with,  and  even  black-and-tans,  but  they  are  always  rough  and  Irish. 
Any  skillful  dog  breeder  could  take  a  few  specimens  of  the  old  rough 
parent  stock, — the  big,  thirty-pound  terriers  with  shaggy  coats  and  often 
linty  heads, — and,  by  careful  selection,  breed  from  them  a  modern  Irish 
terrier.  The  different  colors  are  undoubtedly  in  the  blood  of  our  modern 
specimens,  and  the  dark  colors  will  occasionally  re-assert  themselves, 
according  to  nature's  law  of  atavism.  All  Irish  terrier  breeders  have 
remarked  the  grey  patch  on  so  many  of  their  dogs'  sterns,  and  the  black 
eyelids  and  muzzle  may  be  attributed  to  the  same  cause.  But  to  pre- 
tend that  they  should  be  regarded  as  disqualifying  defects  is  absurd ; 
they  are  undesirable,  and  in  competition  with  a  dog  equal  in  all  other 
points,  but  even  colored  all  over,  they  would  weigh  against  their  pos- 
sessor. The  best  dogs  before  the  public  throw  back  to  a  dark  union, 
for  '  Killiney  Boy,'  the  very  pillar  of  the  breed,  was  out  of  a  rough  black- 
and-tan  Irish  bitch.  A  whole  colored  yellow  dog  is  now  orthodox  ;  but 
even  his  ears  ought  to  be  of  a  darker  shade  than  the  rest  of  his  coat, 
without  any  linty,  straggling  hairs.     The  softer,  light-colored  topknot. 


44  THE    IRISH    TERRIER. 

which  even  the  best  dogs  will  occasionally  show  symptom  of,  is  a  throw- 
back to  their  early  rough  origin.  The  most  unpardonable  color  in  the 
Irish  terrier  is  the  deep  mahogany-red,  which  is  often  associated  with  ■ 
smooth  coats,  greyhound  heads,  and  a  fatuous,  un-terrier-like  expression. 
They  ought  to  be  tabooed  by  the  judge,  but  breeders  have  found  that, 
matched  with  rough-coated  sires,  they  invariably  throw  hard  coats.  For 
this  purpose  they  may  serve,  but  they  should  be  guarded  in  the  privacy 
of  the  brood  kennel.  The  theory  respecting  these  undesirable  mahog- 
any '  smooths,'  is  that  they  are  tell-tales  of  an  early  Manchester  terrier 
experiment ;  and  we  have  little  doubt  that,  when  an  old-fashioned  rough 
and  top-knotted  bitch  was  bred  to  a  Manchester,  the  produce  were  likely 
to  be  clean-skulled,  and  their  coats  harsher  and  less  abundant." 

Mr.  C.  J.  Barnett,  of  Hambleden,  whose  name  is  a  household 
word  in  connection  with  Irish  terriers,  is  quoted  as  follows  : 

'■  As  in  the  earlier  days,  color  was  of  minor  consideration,  —  we  so 
often  find  puppies,  even  to  the  present  day,  black-and-tan,  grey  or  brindle 
in  color.  This  does  not  show  bad  breeding,  but  rather  the  contrary,  to 
continue  the  color  through  so  many  generations,  for  these  dogs,  like 
Welsh  ponies,  no  matter  whatever  they  are  crossed  with,  appear  to  per- 
petuate their  peculiar  characteristics.  I  have  heard  that  the  pAire  Irish- 
man was  originally  a  large  terrier,  and,  to  reduce  the  size,  a  cross  with 
the  Manchester  terrier  was  used,  hence  the  black-and-tan  puppies  that 
are  so  often  produced.  I  am  happy  to  say  that  I  cannot  find  the  slight- 
est foundation  for  this  statement.  I  have  myself  tried  such  a  cross 
carefully,  and  it  quite  failed ;  and  I  am  convinced  it  would  take  years  to 
breed  out  the  black-and-tan  strain,  with  its  sleek  coat,  and  get  back  to 
the  somewhat  rugged  outline  and  waterproof  jacket  of  the  Irish  terrier. 
At  an  early  show,  in  1874,  there  were  classes  given  for  Irish  terriers 
under  nine  pounds  weight,  clearly  showing  that  small  terriers  were  fash- 
ionable then.  In  my  rambles  through  Ireland,  I  generally  asked  for  the 
man  who  kept  the  best  terriers  in  the  village,  and  went  to  see  his  dogs. 
I  have  seen  good  terriers  which  would  get  a  prize  at  many  of  our  English 
shows,  but  which  were  so  kept  out  of  sight.     These  were  owned  by  cot- 


THE    IRISH    TERRIER.  45 

tiers  in  the  small  towns  and  villages.  I  noticed  that  the  majority  of  such 
dogs  had  a  few  grey  or  black  hairs  on  their  coats,  but  as  a  rule  they  were 
inclined  to  be  a  light  red  in  color  and  very  hard  in  texture ;  the  ears  are 
also  larger,  as  a  rule,  than  is  fashionable  in  England,  but  well  carried." 

The  question  of  size,  before  the  present  standard  was 
drawn  up,  seems  to  have  caused  many  disputes  among  the 
different  factions.  In  olden  times,  certain  strains  seem  to 
have  run  up  to  thirty  and  thirty-five  pounds,  but  as  the  pres- 
ent standard  weight  has  been  fixed  at  twenty-four  pounds  or 
under,  it  is  time  that  more  dogs  under  twenty-four  pounds 
should  be  produced.  The  fact  that  the  attention  of  the 
judges  has  been  especially  directed  to  the  Club  standard 
will  probably  have  a  good  effect  in  the  direction  of  lessening 
size  during  the  coming  years. 

In  issuing  his  thirteenth  report  (1893)  of  the  Irish  Terrier 
Club,  Dr.  R.  B.  Carey,  J.  P.,  the  Honorable  Secretary,  men- 
tions that  coat  seems  to  him  to  be  the  point  now  requiring 
most  attention,  many  of  the  dogs  seen  during  the  past  year 
wanting  in  hardness  and  density  of  jacket.  As  already 
stated,  many  of  the  winning  terriers  of  to-day,  were  it  not 
for  the  art  of  trimming,  would  have  shaggy  coats.  Light 
eyes  are  too  often  met  with.  They  are  very  objectionable, 
besides  spoiling  the  dog's  expression  ;  they  ought  to  be  of  a 
dark  hazel  color,  small  and  keen,  not  prominent.  Expression, 
besides  type  and  quality,  is  one  of  the  essential  points,  and 
of  great  importance.  The  general  appearance  of  the  dog 
should  be  lively,  wiry,  and  graceful ;  the  lines  of  the  body 
should  be  speedy,  without  signs  of  heaviness  or  anything 
approaching  the  cobby  and   cloddy. 


CHAPTER    III. 

Characteristics  of  the  Irish    Terrier. 

In  "  Dogs  of  the  British  Islands,"  by  '^  Stonehenge," 
Mr.   George  R.   Krehl  writes  as  follows : 

"  If  I  were  asked  to  name  the  most  prominent  characteristics  in 
the  temperament  of  the  Irish  terrier,  I  should  reply,  '  Courage  and  good 
temper.''  Their  courage  is  quite  national  in  its  quality,  being  of  that 
dashing,  reckless,  '  dare-devil '  description  that  is  associated  with  the 
human  inhabitants  of  their  native  country.  The  Irish  terrier  fears 
nothing  that  ever  came  on  four  legs  with  a  furry  skin.  They  have  no 
caution  in  their  gameness,  but  go  straight  at  their  enemy  with  a  heedless 
pluck  utterly  regardless  of  consequences.  They  do  not  always  conquer, 
but  they  do  or  die  unless  pulled  off.  It  would  occupy  too  much  space 
to  relate  a  few  of  the  many  instances  of  their  courage  publicly  recorded. 
.  .  .  Their  other  quality  is  quite  as  bright  a  side  to  their  character. 
Their  good  temper  is  remarkable  in  so  game  a  terrier.  Terrier  men  will 
bear  me  out  that  a  quarrelsome  dog  is  seldom  truly  game.  I  question 
whether  any  of  my  colleagues  in  the  Irish  Terrier  Club  can  give  an 
instance  of  one  of  the  breed  biting  a  human  being.  They  are,  there- 
fore, peculiarly  fitted  for  house  dogs,  where  there  are  women  and  chil- 
dren. They  make  the  most  admirable  companions, — faithful,  intelligent, 
and  always  full  of  high  spirits.  Whether  accompanying  their  master 
out  walking,  following  a  trap  or  bicycle,  their  never-tiring  liveliness  will 
amuse  their  master  and  relieve  his  loneliness.  .  .  .  They  are  a  peculiarly 
hardy  breed,  and  seldom  succumb  to  the  many  ills  that  puppyhood  is  heir 
to.  Shows  have  done  much  for  their  outward  appearance,  and  without 
that  softening  effect  on  temperament  which  usually  follows  in  its  wake." 

Regarding  the  characteristics  of  the  Irish  terrier,  we 
quote   Mr.   Barnett  (in  Lee's  book) : 

"  Although  so  popular  on  the  show  bench,  it  is  as  a  companion  that 


THE    IRISH    TERRIER.  47 

the  Irish  terrier  has  won  his  way  into  the  hearts  of  those  who  own  a 
dog  for  the  house,  and  to  keep  down  vermin.  I  am  glad  to  say  that  the 
show  bench  has  not  spoiled  their  good  qualities ;  although  many  are 
'  kennel  fools,'  this  is  their  misfortune,  not  their  fault.  I  have  entered 
my  terriers  to  all  kinds  of  vermin,  except  otter, — at  that  they  have  not 
had  the  chance ;  but  one  small  terrier,  bred,  by  a  friend,  from  my  dogs, 
and  given  to  Mr.  Harry  Clift,  when  hunting  the  otter  hounds  he  kept 
at  Newbury,  Berks,  was  one  of  the  gamest  terriers  he  ever  o\\  ned,  — 
almost  too  keen,  and  quite  fearless. 

"  I  remember  turning  out  a  badger  to  see  if  '  Bachelor,'  when  he 
was  under  a  year  old,  would  seize  and  hold  it.  At  first,  they  fought 
until  almost  tired  out ;  then  the  dog  got  the  badger  by  the  cheek,  and 
there  held  him  until  they  were  both  quite  exhausted.  ...  It  is  in  the 
water  that  Irish  terriers  excel,  as  they  take  to  it  as  naturally  as  a  duck, 
and  as  a  rule  retrieve  well  therefrom.  I  have  a  bitch  that  will  dive 
many  yards  after  a  rat,  or  rather  run  in  shallow  water,  with  her  head 
under,  trying  to  grab  it.  She  will  also,  if  about  to  kill  in  the  river,  and 
the  rat  dives,  dive  under  and  kill ;  but  often  she  has  to  leave  go  and 
come  up  for  breath,  when  the  rat  sinks.  In  clear  water  I  have  seen  her 
do  this,  and  afterwards  get  the  rat  up,  so  there  is  no  doubt  she  often 
kills  under  water.  My  terriers  sometimes  spend  a  day  in  digging  out  a 
rat.  They  go  in  hammer  and  tongs,  and  make  a  great  show  of  having 
it  out  at  once ;  but  there  is  a  method  in  their  madness,  as  they  keep  an 
eye  on  the  bolt  holes,  and,  after  a  vigorous  scratch,  jump  up  every  now 
and  then  to  see  if  the  rat  is  trying  to  escape  at  the  holes  either  above 
ground  or  those  below  the  water  line.  .  .  . 

"  I  do  not  know  a  better  companion  for  the  man  or  woman  who 
only  keeps  one  dog,  than  the  Irish  terrier,  as  he  is  easily  trained,  and  in 
the  house  is  most  affectionate  and  thoroughly  cleanly.  To  see  him  play 
with  children,  or  guard  them,  is  a  pleasure.  I  have  had  some  scores  of 
Irish  terriers,  and  I  never  yet  saw  one  turn  on  or  snap  at  a  child.  I  had 
six  out  with  me  one  day,  and  called  at  a  friend's  house  where  a  children's 
party  was  being  held.  The  dogs  ran  on  the  tennis  lawn,  and  the  little 
ones  caught  them  and  rolled  them  over.     One  dog,  recently  bought,  had 


48  THE    IRISH    TERRIER. 

always  been  kennelled  until  he  came  to  me,  so  I  was  afraid  he  might 
resent  being  pulled  about,  as  he  was  of  rather  a  quick  temper;  but,  to 
my  surprise,  he  enjoyed  the  romp,  which  was  more  than  some  of  the 
children's  mothers  did." 

In  another  place  we  find  : 

"  I  can  also  speak  personally  of  the  capabilities  of  the  Irish  terrier 
as  a  water  dog,  for  I  have  seen  puppies  at  four  months  old  swim  across 
a  strong  stream  fifty  yards  wide,  follow  the  older  ones  hunting,  and  as 
keen  '  on  rats  '  as  the  fully  grown  dogs  could  possibly  be.  These  juven- 
iles would  also  kill  rabbits,  and  generally  their  precocity  was  quite  aston- 
ishing. But  it  must  be  borne  in  mind  that  these  young  Irishmen  had 
not  been  reared  in  kennels,  they,  on  the  contrary,  having  a  free  range  in 
which  to  play,  and  where  they  could  hunt  either  rabbits  or  rats  when  so 
inclined." 

This  is  Dr.  Gordon  Stables'  opinion  of  the  Irish  terrier  : 

"The  Irish  terrier,  I  myself  think,  can  hardly  be  beaten  as  an  ordinary 
country  sportsman's  dog.  In  general  appearance  he  looks  a  terrier  all 
over,  —  lively,  bold,  and  rough,  with  a  coat  that  can  defy  anything." 

In  "  Hugh  Dalzeil "'  we  find  : 

"  As  so  many  warm  and  generous  hearts  beat  under  '  cloth  of  frieze,' 
so  under  the  rough,  unkempt  coat  of  the  Irish  terrier  there  is  a  spirit  of 
'  derring-do,'  a  strength  of  affection  for  his  master  equal  to  his  pluck, 
and  a  stamina  that  carries  a  little  racing-like,  wiry  form  through  the 
hardest  of  days." 

Mr.  Ridgway : 

"  As  a  breed,  they  are  peculiarly  adapted  to  the  country,  being 
particularly  hardy,  and  able  to  bear  any  amount  of  wet,  cold  and  hard- 
ship without  showing  the  .slightest  symptoms  of  fatigue.  Their  coat 
also  being  a  hard  and  wiry  one,  they  can  hunt  the  thickest  gorse  or  furze 
cover  without  the  slightest  inconvenience.  As  for  the  capabilities  of 
these  dogs  taking  the  water,  and  hunting  in  it  as  well  as  on  land,  I  may 


THE    IRISH    TERRIER.  49 

mention,  as  one  instance,  that  a  gentleman  in  the  adjoining  county  of 
Tipperary  keeps  a  pack  of  these  terriers,  and  has  done  so  for  years,  with 
which  he  will  hunt  otter  as  successfully  as  any  one  can  with  any  pack 
of  pure  otter  hounds." 

Mr.  Jameson  : 

"  The  Irish  terrier  is  able  to  stand  much  more  cold,  wet  and  fatigue 
than  most  other  terriers.  The  coat  is  so  hard  and  flat  that  water  cannot 
penetrate  it,  and  not  being  too  long,  does  not  hinder  the  dog  in  cover- 
work." 

Mr.  Vero  Shaw,  in  his  book,  devotes  more  space  to  the 
characteristics  of  the  Irish  terrier  than  any  other  writer. 
Among  other  things  we  find  : 

"  (Jne's  first  acquaintance  with  the  '  pre-historic  terrier '  is  apt  to  be 
disappointing  (except  to  a  really  'doggy'  terrier  man),  that  is,  because 
there  is  no  meretricious  flash  about  them ;  but  there  is  that  about  them 
which  you  learn  to  like,  —  they  grow  upon  you.  They  supply  the  want 
so  often  expressed  for  a  'smart  looking  dog  with  something  in  him.' 
There  is  that  about  their  rough  and  ready  appearance  which  can  only 
be  described  as  genuine  terrier,  or  more  emphatically  '  tarrier  character.' 
They  are  '  facile  princeps  '  the  sportman's  terrier,  and  having  never  been 
made  fashion's  darlings,  still  retain,  in  all  its  purity,  their  instinctive  love 
of  hard  work.  .  .   . 

"  Among  those  wise  old  fellows  one  comes  across  in  the  country, 
who  like  a  dog  with  something  in  him,  and  a  '  terrier,'  of  course,  the 
Irishman  is  a  prime  favorite.  And  they  know  what  they  are  about,  — 
those  old  fellows, — and  are  sportsmen,  too,  in  their  own  sort  of  way, 
when  the  sun  has  gone  down.  This  reminds  me  of  a  discreditable  fact 
in  the  history  of  Irish  terriers,  that  were  not  always  only  '  the  poor 
man's  sentinel,'  but  oftentimes  something  more,  when,  by  the  aid  of 
their  marvelous  noses  and  long  legs,  they,  when  the  shades  of  night  had 
fallen,  provided  the  pot  with  that  which  gave  forth  the  savory  smell  and 
imparted  a  flavor  to  the  'spuds.'  This,  however,  if  it  affected  their 
moral  principles,  certainly  sustained  their  love  and  capability  for  rabbit- 
ing.    In  olden  times,  too,  the  larger  sizes  were  bred  and  used  for  fighting, 


50  THE    IRISH    TERRIER. 

and  there  is  still  a  dash  of  the  old  fighting  blood  in  their  descendants. 
They  dearly  love  a  mill,  and  though  it  would  be  calumny  to  say  they 
are  quarrelsome,  yet  it  must  be  admitted  that  the  male  portion  of  the 
breed  is  perhaps  a  little  too  ready  to  resent  any  attempt  at  interfering 
with  their  coats  ;  but  are  they  not  Irish,  and  when  did  an  Irishman  shirk 
a  shindy  ? 

"  The  Irish  terrier  is  a  very  intelligent  dog,  and  most  lively  and 
amusing  companion.  He  is  equally  suitable  for  town  and  country.  He 
is  a  mine  of  fun  for  a  country  ramble,  putting  up  everything  he  comes 
across  ;  and  there  is  no  better  terrier  than  a  well-broken  Irish  for  a  quiet 
ramble  round  the  fields  with  your  gun. 

"  Mr.  Despart  aptly  describes  him  as  the  'poor  man's  sentinel,  the 
farmer's  friend,  and  generally  the  gentleman's  favorite ; '  they  are  such 
merry,  rough-and-ready  looking  fellows,  and  the  dash  of  the  '  devil '  they 
all  carry  in  their  bearing  makes  them  very  attractive  to  terrier  lovers. 

"  Mr.  Erwin  says  :  There  are  some  strains  of  them  that  will  hunt 
stubble,  or,  indeed,  any  kind  of  field  or  marsh,  quartering  their  ground 
like  a  setter  or  pointer,  and,  moreover,  standing  on  their  game  in  their 
own  style.  When  a  lad,  I  had  a  dog  of  this  breed,  over  which  I  have 
shot  as  many  as  nine  couple  of  snipe,  and  have  been  home  in  good  time 
for  school  at  ten  o'clock  a.  m.  There  was  little  tinie  for  missing  on  the 
part  of  either  of  us,  and  the  dog  did  not  make  a  single  mistake. 

"  Irish  terriers  are  not  quarrelsome,  but  can  and  will  take  their  own 
part  if  set  upon, — the  size  of  the  aggressor  no  object.  Kallymena  hav- 
ing sent  more  terriers  to  the  bench-show  than  any  other  locality  that  I 
know  of,  and  this  breed  of  dogs  having  been  a  favorite  here  since 
I  remember  dogs,  I  have  had  a  good  opportunity  of  studying  them,  and 
think  more  highly  of  them  the  longer  I  know  them. 

"  Their  great  merit  lies  in  the  following  qualities  : 

"  PLUCK.  —  Irish  terriers  are  remarkably  good  tempered,  and  can 
be  implicitly  relied  upon  with  children  ;  they  have  this  peculiarity,  that 
they  often  appear  shy  and  timid,  but  their  true  nature  soon  flashes  out 
on  occasion.  Some  of  the  pluckiest  I  have  owned  have  had  this  pecu- 
liarity of  appearing  often  timid,  such  as  the  late  '  Tanner,'  '  Sporter,' 


THE    IRISH    TERRIER. 


51 


'  Banshee,' '  Belle,'  etc.  It  is  almost  superfluous  to  speak  of  Irish  tei'riers' 
pluck ;  they  are  the  bull-terriers  of  the  sister  Isle ;  fea^-  is  unknown  to 
them  ;  they  are  not  only  plucky  as  a  breed,  but  individually. 

'*  It  is  their  fear-nothing  nature  that  makes  them  so  suitable  for  use 
against  the  larger  vermin.  There  are  too  many  instances  of  their  pluck 
on  record  to  enumerate  them.  Mr.  W.  Graham,  v.riting  in  the  •  Live 
Stock  Journal,'  says  :  In  disposition,  the  Irish  terrier  is  very  tractable, 
steady  at  work,  and  easily  kept  under  command,  compared  with  other 
breeds  possessing  the  same  amount  of  courage.  I  am  sorry  to  say  they 
are  kept  by  some  parties  for  fighting  purposes.  I  once  went  to  pur- 
chase pups,  where  the  man  insisted  upon  my  seeing  the  dam,  a  champion 
bitch,  dxaw  the  badger  before  taking  away  my  purchase;  and  I  knew  a 
prize  dog  lately  killed  a  badger  before  his  hold  could  be  removed. 
Again,  I  know  a  bitch  puppy,  under  nine  months,  that  killed  the  first 
cat  she  ever  saw,  and  in  a  very  short  time. 

"  Mr.  Galloway  writes  :  My  Irish  terrier  bitch  ('  Eily  O'Connor,' 
by  'Sporter')  jumped  into  the  river  Logan  to  retrieve  in  the  month  of 
January  last,  at  which  time  the  river  was  half  frozen  over,  when  my 
'  Retriever'  refused  point  blank  to  go,  although  he  saw  the  duck  drop, 
and  the  retriever  boasts  of  England's  best  blood. 

"  RABBITING.- — Looking  at  them  as  workmen,  rabbiting  must  first 
be  mentioned.  This  is  their  special  function,  and  there  are  few  things 
I  can  imagine  so  enjoyable  as  a  day's  ferreting  with  a  couple  of  Irish 
terriers.  Rely  upon  it,  their  quick  noses  never  make  a  mistake ;  they 
never  pass  a  burrow  where  a  bunny  lies,  nor  do  they  stop  a  second  at 
an  empty  one ;  and  once  the  ferret  in,  bolt  the  rabbit  ever  so  rapidly, 
he'll  not  escape  the  attention  of  the  wild  Irishman  waiting  outside  for 
him.  It  is  marvelous  the  pace  these  dogs  go ;  their  action  represents 
the  level  sweep  of  a  thoroughbred,  and  their  powerful  hind  legs  propel 
them  forward  at  an  enormous  rate.  It  is  only  when  one  sees  them  at 
full  speed  that  one  can  understand  the  necessity  for  insisting  upon  their 
peculiar  build.  Hunting  in  the  furze,  they  fear  nothing,  but  boldly  push 
in  through  brambles,  pricks,  etc.,  that  would  make  a  thin-skinned  dog 
yell  out  with  pain.  At  this  work  they  are  superior  to  the  conventional 
spaniel,  who  works  too  slowly  and  carefully,  and  his  long,  thick  coat 


52 


THE    IRISH    TERRIER. 


holds  him  often  enough;  but  the  short,  hard  jacket  of  the  red  Paddies 
is  no  impediment,  and  they  work  about  with  a  dash  and  fervor  enjoyable 
to  witness.  Again,  see  them  working  hedgerows  ;  how  assiduously  and 
well.     You  would  never  want  to  use  another  breed. 

"  STAMINA. — They  will  bear  any  amount  of  hard  work  and  rough 
usage ;  constitution  appears  to  never  trouble  them  ;  they  can  give  most 
breeds  points  for  stamina.  Mr.  Graham  says  :  '  As  I  work  all  my  ter- 
riers with  ferrets,  and  require  a  good,  game  dog, — -also  a  constitutionally 
strong  one,  to  work  in  winter  for  a  whole  day,  and  probably  sit  for  hours 
in  frost  and  cold,  should  the  ferrets  lodge,  —  I  find  no  breed  suits  me 
nearly  so  well  as  Irish  terriers.  They  are  more  hardy,  require  less  care, 
and  are  more  free  from  disease  than  any  other  terrier  with  which  I  am 
acquainted.' 

"BADGER.  —  At  badger,  the  Irish  terrier  is  not  to  be  touched. 
No  punishment  frightens  them  off  ;  they  will  hold  on  till  death. 

"  FOXES.  — With  regard  to  foxes,  a  well-known  breeder  writes  : 
'  I  have  experience  of  five  packs  of  fox-hounds,  and  not  one  terrier  of 
any  breed  is  kept  in  either  kennel.  When  the  varmint  is  earthed,  some 
persons  detatch  themselves  from  the  crowd,  and  run  to  the  nearest  house 
where  lives  an  Irish  terrier.  -They  need  not  to  be  trained,  nor  especially 
bred;  they  will  do  the  work  if  Jrish  terriers  proper,  without  tuition.  In 
the  winter  of  1874,  in  the  County  Louth,  I  was  at  the  killing  of  five 
foxes.  From  the  meet,  at  nine  A.  m.  until  three  p.  m.,  there  were  three 
of  them  earthed,  and  these  were  unearthed  by  two  different  Irish  ter- 
riers— one  ten  pounds  and  the  other  twenty-seven  pounds  weight.  The 
pack  was  owned  by  Viscount  Massareene  and  Ferrard.  I  prefer  to  give 
these  quotations,  as  they  contain  facts  and  not  general  remarks.' 

"  OTTERS.  —  Here  the  Irish  terrier  is  in  his  element,  and  all  his 
quahties  are  brought  into  play,  —  love  of  the  water,  nose,  pluck  and 
stamina.  I  quote  an  authority  on  this  subject — Mr.  Robert  Dunscombe 
of  Mount  Desert — who  says  :  '  I  have  had  the  pleasure  of  hunting  two 
different  packs  of  otter  hounds,  the  former  belonging  to  Mr.  Johnson  of 
Hermitage,  and  the  latter  to  the  Earl  of  Bandon  of  Castle  Bernard,  with 
both  of  which  packs  pure  bred  Irish  terriers  were  used.  I  owned  one, 
called  '  Dandy,'  who  would  go  to  ground,  challenge  and  bolt  the  largest 


THE    IRISH    TERRIER. 


53 


otter  out  of  any  se^\  er.  no  matter  how  long  or  how  wet.  He,  poor  fellow, 
was  poisoned  by  accident.  This  dog  ran  with  Mr.  Johnson's  hounds, 
which  were  sold  some  years  since.  My  present  terrier  '  Jessie,'  a  pure 
Irish  bred  one,  of  a  light  yellow  color,  was  given  to  me  by  a  poor  coun- 
tryman, and  her  equal  I  never  saw  anywhere.  She  has  bolted  otters 
innumerable,  and  has  always  shown  extraordinary  gameness.  I  may 
mention,  as  a  proof  of  her  pluck,  that  during  a  capital  hunt  with  Lord 
i)andon's  hounds,  some  weeks  since,  while  the  otter  was  being  pressed 
from  place  to  place  by  the  hounds,  '  Jessie,'  winding  him  under  a  bush, 
dived  under  water  and  laid  hold  of  him  ;  after  a  severe  struggle,  she 
came  to  the  surface,  half  drowned,  being  badly  bitten  across  the  loins. 
The  otter,  when  killed,  weighed  twenty  pounds. 

"WATER.  —  I  had  '  Sporter '  and  '  Moya  Doolan  '  hunting  the 
creeks  in  the  marshland  in  Essex  for  water  rats  ;  and  it  was  a  pretty 
sight  to  see  them,  one  on  each  side,  working  the  banks,  uttering  no 
sound,  only  showing  their  excitement  by  their  agitated  sterns.  As  the 
rats  dropped  into  the  water,  the  dogs  dived  in  after  them.  The  Irish 
terrier  is  as  fond  of  the  water,  and  takes  to  it  as  readily,  as  a  Newfound" 
land,  and  one  enthusiastic  owner  claims  a  forty-five  minutes'  swim  for  a 
dog  of  this  breed  belonging  to  him. 

"  RATS. — Irish  terriers  deserve  no  praise  for  their  ratting  qualities. 
It  is  pure  instinct  with  them  ;  they  cannot  help  it;  they  rat  as  naturally 
as  a  bird  flies.  My  '  Banshee  II.'  killed  her  first  rat  with  her  milk  teeth 
when  she  was  only  twelve  weeks  old..  The  following  extract  of  a  letter 
from  Mr.  Ridgway  speaks  for  their  ratting  capabilities  and  intelligence  : 
'  An  incident,  which  I  think  speaks  volumes  for  the  sagacity  and  wisdom 
of  the  old  Irish  terrier  breed,  was  written  to  me  lately  by  a  gentleman 
residing  in  the  County  Antrim  (north  of  Ireland,  where,  I  may  add,  I 
believe  some  very  fine  specimens  exist,  from  all  I  hear),  and  it  \\  as  regard- 
ing the  performance  of  a  bitch  of  this  breed,  named  '  Jess,'  in  his  pos- 
session. On  one  occasion  we  were  boring  a  bank  for  the  purpose  of 
bolting  rats,  and  at  one  place  a  rat  bolted.  '  Jess,'  as  usual,  had  him 
almost  before  he  cleared  his  hole.  Then  came  another  and  another,  so 
fast  that  the  work  was  getting  too  hot  for  '  Jess,'  when  a  happy  thought 
seemed  to  strike  her ;  and,  while  in  the  act  of  killing  a  very  big  one,  she 


54  THE    IRISH    TERRIER. 

leaned  down  her  shoulder  against  the  hole,  and  let  them  out  one  by  one, 
until  she  had  killed  eighteen  rats.  That  Irish  terriers  kill  neatly  I  can- 
not say;  they  kill  not  wisely,  but  too  well.  Vour  little  black-and-tan 
shakes  the  life  out  of  the  rat;  but  the  Irish  terrier's  jaw  is  so  powerful 
he  does  not  need  to  shake,  but  crunches  them  into  purgatory.  They 
always  impress  me  with  the  idea  that  the  game  is  not  big  enough  for 
them,  and  they  put  too  much  energy  in  it." 

Mr.  Lee  states  that  there  exists  considerable  difference  of 
opinion  regarding  the  description  of  the  Irish  terrier,  as  issued 
by  the  Irish  Terrier  Club,  it  evidently  being  modeled  on  that 
of  the  fox-terrier  ;  and,  in  his  book,  Mr.  Lee  publishes  a 
description,  compiled  by  an  '•  up-to-date  "  admirer  and  suc- 
cessful breeder  of  the  variety,  which  will  give  an  idea  of  the 
"  points  "  of  an  Irish  terrier.  Undoubtedly  the  ''Club  descrip- 
tion "  has  given  rise  to  a  considerable  amount  of  controversy  ; 
but  it  was  drawn  up  by  the  leading  admirers  of  the  Irish 
terriers  a  few  years  ago,  and  if  fault  may  be  found  with  one 
or  two  of  the  items,  such  are  of  little  importance  so  far  as  the 
general  delineation  of  the  dog  is  concerned.  Nevertheless,  it 
will  be  interesting  to  hear  both  sides,  and  we  therefore  give 
both.  *    • 

Description  as  given  in  Mr.  Lee's  book  : 

Head. — Long  and  flat,  not  pinched  or  lumpy,  and  not  too 
full  in  the  cheek ;  showing  but  a  very  slight  stop  in  profile. 
Jaw  strong,  of  a  punishing  length,  and  of  good  depth.  A 
thin,  weak  jaw  is  objectionable,  as  is  a  short,  thick  head. 

Teeth. — Level,  white,  and  sound  ;  both  over  or  undershot 
objectionable  and  disqualifying. 

Nose. — Black. 

Eyes. — Brown,  dark  hazel,  or  black  ;  the  latter,  however, 


THE    IRISH    TERRIER.  55 

are  apt  to  give  the  dog  a  curious  expression.  They  should 
be  small,  keen,  and  more  almond-shaped  than  round,  set  in 
the  head  and  not  on  the  head.     Light  eyes  very  objectionable. 

Ears. — Fairly  thick,  V-shaped,  and  set  on  to  fall  to  the 
corner  of  the  eye  and  close  to  the  cheeks,  but  not  at  a  right 
angle  to  the  head  ;  they  should  not  be  set  on  too  high  or 
point  to  the  nose. 

TV^rX'.  —  Long,  clean,  and  muscular,  slightly  arched,  free 
from  throatiness,  and  nicely  placed  in  the  shoulders,  not  set 
on  the  top  of  them. 

Shoulders. — Strong  and  fine,  nicely  sloping  to  the  back 
and  firm  to  the  hand,  the  dog  should  feel  strong  when 
pressed  on  the  shoulders,  the  withers  narrow,  and  gracefully 
joining  the  neck  and  back. 

Chest.  —  Of- good  depth,  wide  enough  to  give  the  heart 
and  lungs  free  play,  but  not  wide  when  viewed  in  front. 

Back. — Straight  and  strong. 

Loin. — A^ery  slightly  arched. 

Stern. — Docked  or  shortened,  set  rather  high  ;  must  be 
gaily  carried,  but  not  curled.  The  stern  should  be  placed 
on  in  a  line  with  the  back ;  if  too  low,  it  gives  the  dog  a 
mean  and  unsymmetrical  appearance  behind. 

Body. — Of  good  depth,  w^ell  ribbed  up,  but  not  too  far 
back,  or  it  will  make  him  seem  too  thick-set  and  cobby,  and 
detract  from  his  appearance  of  liberty  ;  flank  slightly  tucked 
up,  but  not  enough  to  make  the  dog  look  shelly  or  light.  Ribs 
inclined  to  flatness,  and  not  too  much  arched  or  sprung. 

Legs  and  Feet.—T\\^  legs  should  be  strong,  straight,  and 
muscular,  but  not  too  upright  in  the  pasterns,  which  should 


56  THE    IRISH    TERRIER. 

be  slightly  springy;  elbows  set  strongly  to  the  shoulders, 
moving  freely,  not  tied  too  closely  under  him  ;  the  feet  thick 
and  hard,  toes  arched ;  open,  long  or  thin  feet  most  objec- 
tionable. 

Hijidqiiarters. — Very  strong  and  muscular,  long  from  hip 
to  hock  ;  not  too  wide,  but  thick  through,  with  no  appearance 
of  weakness  ;  legs  fairly  under  the  dog  ;  the  hocks  must  move 
straight ;  cow-hocks  or  hind  legs  bent  outwards  most  objec- 
tionable. 

Coat. — Hard,  straight,  and  wiry,  free  from  silkiness  any- 
where ;  about  2y  inches  long  on  body,  shorter  on  the  head 
and  ears,  save  a  beard  on  the  chin,  short  and  hard  on  the  legs, 
on  no  account  curly  ;   a  soft,  curly  or  open  coat  objectionable. 

Color. — Red-yellow,  wheaten  or  light  brown,  inclining  to 
grey ;  the  best  color  is  orange,  tipped  with  red,  —  the  head 
slightly  darker  than  the  body,  and  the  ears  slightly  darker 
than  the  head.  The  color  should  not  run  on  the  legs  a  dirty 
or  dull,  dark  red ;   a  mahogany  shade  is  objectionable. 

Size. — Height,  dogs,  16  inches  to  16^  inches;  bitches, 
15^  inches  to  16  inches.  Length  from  shoulder  to  set  on 
of  stern,  dogs,  i4f  inches  to  15I-  inches;  bitches,  14  inches 
to  15  inches.  Girth  of  chest,  20^  inches  to  21^  inches. 
Weight  for  dogs,  20  pounds  to  24  pounds;  bitches,  18 
pounds  to  22   pounds. 

Gene7\-il  Appearance. — The  Irish  terrier  should  appear  to  be 
of  good  constitution,  somewhat  rough  in  outlook,  but  thor- 
oughly symmetrical.  As  the  stern  is  high  set  on,  it  gives  the 
hindquarters  a  somewhat  jumped-up  look ;  the  movements  are 
rather  jerky  behind,   as  if  the  hindquarters  possessed  the 


THE    IRISH    TERRIER. 


57 


power  of  moving  quicker  than  the  fore-end, — ahnost  a  hare- 
like movement ;  the  expression  should  be  wicked,  but  intelli- 
gent, although  a  rough,  merry,  but  game-looking  terrier,  not 
cobby  nor  too  coarse. 

Te7nperai7iejit. — Temper  very  good,  often  shy,  but  always 
game.  When  at  work,  utterly  without  fear,  and  rather  head- 
strong ;  when  in  the  house,  quiet,  affectionate,  and  loving. 
It  is  a  characteristic  of  the  Irish  terrier  to  thrust  his  nose 
into  his  master's  hand,  or  rest  the  head  on  his  foot,  or  against 


his  legs. 

POSITIVE  Points. 

Head 

Teeth  and  Eyes 

Ears 

Neck 


Value. 

lO 
.  10 
.      lO 

•      5 


Ne(;ative  Points.  Value. 

White  on  Toes  or  Feet  .  .  5 
Mouth    undershot   or    over- 

-     shot 20 

Very  much  white  on  Chest  .  5 
Cgat  curly  or  soft    ....     20 


Legs  and  Feet 15 

Chest  and  Shoulders  ...  10 
Back  and  Loin  and  Hind- 
quarters    15 

Coat 10 

Color 5 

General  Outline 10 


100  50 

Disqualifying  Points. — Brindled  in  color;  nose  cherry  or  flesh- 
colored  ;  white  legs— indeed,  any  white,  either  on  the  feet,  chest  or  else- 
where— is  objectionable.  At  four  or  five  years  old,  a  few  white  hairs, 
giving  a  grizzly  appearance  about  the  muzzle,  is  not  detrimental. 


DESCRIPTION  ISSUED  BY  THE  IRISH 
TERRIER  CLUB. 


(THE     OFFICIAL     STANDARD.) 


Positive  Points.          Value.  Negative  Points.          Value. 

Head,  Jaw,  Teeth  and  Eyes      15  While  Nails,  Toes  and  Feet 

Ears 5  minus     10 

Legs  and  Feet 10  Much  white  on  Chest       .     .     10 

Neck 5  Ears  cropped 5 

Shoulders  and  Chest  ...     10  Mouth     undershot    or     can- 
Back  and  Loin 10                    kered       10 

Hindquarters  and  Stern   .     .     10  Coat  shaggy,  curly  or  soft    .     10 

Coat 13  Uneven  in  color       ....       5 

Color 10 

Size  and  symmetry       ...      10 

100  50 
I)LSQUALIFVIN(;  PuixTS. — Nose,  cherry  or  red.     iJrindle  color. 


Head. 


DESCRIPTIVE    PARTICULARS. 

-Long  ;   skull  llat,  and  rather  narrow  between  ears. 


getting  slightly  narrower  towards  the  eye  ;  free  from  wrinkle  : 
stop  hardly  visible,  except  in  profile.  The  jaw  must  be 
strong  and  muscular,  but  not  too  full  in  the  cheek,  and  of  a 
good  punishing  length,  but  not  so  fine  as  a  white  English 
terrier's.     There  should  be  a  slight  falling  away  below  the 


THE    IRISH    TERRIER. 


59 


eye,  so  as  not  to  have  a  greyhound  appearance.  Hair  on 
face  of  same  description  as  on  body,  but  short  (about  a  quar- 
ter of  an  inch  long),  in  appearance  ahiiost  smooth  and 
straight:  a  slight  beard  is  the  only  longish  hair  (and  it  is 
only  long  in  comparison  with  the  rest)  that  is  permissible, 
and  that  is  characteristic. 

Teeth. — Should  be  strong  and  level. 

Lips. — Not  so  tight  as  a  bull-terrier's,  but  well-fitting, 
showing  through  the  hair  their  black  lining. 

Nose. — Must  be  black. 

Eyes. — A  dark  hazel  color,  small,  not  prominent,  and  full 
of  life,  fire,  and  intelligence. 

Ears. — When  uncut,  small  and  V-shaped,  of  moderate 
thickness,  set  well  up  on  the  head,  and  dropping  forward 
closely  to  the  cheek.  The  ear  must  be  free  of  fringe,  and  the 
hair  thereon  shorter  and  generally  darker  in  color  than  the 
body. 

Keck. — Should  be  of  a  fair  length,  and  gradually  widening 
towards  the  shoulders,  well  carried,  and  free  from  throati- 
ness.  There  is  generally  a  slight  sort  of  frill  visible  at  each 
side  of  the  neck,  running  nearly  to  the  corner  of  the  ear, 
which  is  looked  on  as  very  characteristic. 

Shoulders  and  Chest. — Shoulders  must  be  fine,  long,  and 
sloping  well  into  the  back  ;  the  chest  deep  and  muscular,  but 
neither  full  nor  wide. 

Back  and  Loin. — Body  moderately  long ;  back  should  be 
strong  and  straight,  with  no  appearance  of  slackness  behind 
the  shoulders  ;    the  loin  broad  and  powerful,   and  slightly 


6o  THE    IRISH    TERRIER. 

arched  ;  ribs  fairly  sprung,  rather  deep  than  round,  and  well 
ribbed  back. 

Hindquarters. — Well  under  the  dog  ;  should  be  strong 
and  muscular,  the  thighs  powerful,  hocks  near  the  ground, 
stifles  not  much  bent. 

Stem. — Generally  docked ;  should  be  free  of  fringe  or 
feather,  set  on  pretty  high,  carried  gaily,  but  not  over  the 
back,  or  curled. 

Feet  and  Legs. — Feet  should  be  strong,  tolerably  round, 
and  moderately  small ;  toes  arched,  and  neither  turned  out 
nor  in ;  black  toe-nails  are  preferable  and  most  desirable. 
Legs  moderately  long,  well  set  from  the  shoulders,  perfectly 
straight,  with  plenty  of  bone  and  muscle  ;  the  elbows  work- 
ing freely  clear  of  the  sides,  pasterns  short  and  straight, 
hardly  noticeable.  Both  fore  and  hind  legs  should  be  moved 
straight  forward  when  travelling,  the  stifles  not  turned  out- 
wards, the  legs  free  of  feather,  and  covered,  like  the  head, 
with  as  hard  a  texture  of  coat  as  body,  but  not  so  long. 

Coat. — Hard  and  wiry,  free  of  softness  or  silkiness,  not 
so  long  as  to  hide  the  outlines  of  the  body,  particularly  in 
the  hindquarters,  straight  and  flat,  no  shagginess,  and  free 
of  lock  or  curl. 

Color. — Should  be  "whole-colored,"  the  most  preferable 
being  bright  red ;  next  wheaten,  yellow,  and  grey,  brindle 
disqualifying.  White  sometimes  appears  on  chest  and  feet ; 
it  is  more  objectionable  on  the  latter  than  on  the  chest,  as  a 
speck  of  white  on  chest  is  frequently  to  be  seen  in  all  self- 
colored  breeds. 


THE    IRISH    TERRIEK.  6 1 

Size  and  Syvimeiry. — Weight,  in  show-condition,  from  i6 
pounds  to  24  pounds, — say  i6  pounds  to  22  pounds  for 
bitches,  and  18  pounds  to  24  pounds  for  dogs.  The  most 
desirable  weight  is  2  2  pounds,  or  under,  —  which  is  a  nice, 
styhsh,  and  useful  size.  The  dog  must  present  an  active, 
lively,  lithe  and  wiry  appear*ance ;  lots  of  substance,  at  the 
same  time  free  of  clumsiness,  as  speed  and  endurance,  as 
well  as  power,  are  very  essential.  They  must  be  neither 
"  cloddy  "  nor  ''  cobby,""  but  should  be  framed  on  the  "  lines 
of  speed,"  showing  a  graceful  "racing  outline." 

Tc7npera7?ient. — Dogs  that  are  very  game  are  usually  surly 
or  snappish.  The  Irish  terrier,  as  a  breed,  is  an  exception, 
being  remarkably  good  tempered,  notably  so  with  mankind, 
it  being  admitted,  however,  that  he  is,  perhaps,  a  little  too 
ready  to  resent  interference  on  the  part  of  other  dogs.  There 
is  a  heedless,  reckless  pluck  about  the  Irish  terrier  which  is 
characteristic,  and,  coupled  with  the  headlong  dash,  blind  to 
all  consequences,  with  which  he  rushes  at  his  adversary,  has 
eajrned  for  the  breed  the  proud  epithet  of  the  "  Dare-devils." 
When  "off  duty,"  they  are  characterized  by  a  quiet,  caress- 
inviting  appearance,  and  when  one  sees  them  endearingly, 
timidly  pushing  their  heads  into  their  masters'  hands,  it  is 
difficult  to  realize  that  on  occasion,  at  the  "set-on,"  they  can 
prove  they  have  the  courage  of  a  lion,  and  will  fight  on  to 
the  last  breath  in  their  bodies.  They  develop  an  extraordi- 
nary devotion  to,  and  have  been  known  to  track  their  masters 
almost  incredible  distances. 


RULES    AND    REGULATIONS 


IRISH    TERRIER    CLUB 


FOUNDED     1879  --   REVISED     1893. 


NAME    AND    OBJECTS    OF    THE    CLUB. 

Rule  I. — That  this  Club  shall  be  called  the  Irish  Terrier 
Club.  That  its  objects  be  —  (a)  To  promote  the  breeding 
of  pure  Irish  terriers ;  {/?)  To  define  precisely  and  publish 
a  description  of  the  true  type,  and  to  urge  the  adoption  of 
such  type  on  breeders,  judges,  dog-show  committees,  etc.,  as 
the  only  recognized  and  unvarying  standard  by  which  Irish 
terriers  are  to  be  judged,  and  which  may  in  future  be  uni- 
formly accepted  as  the  sole  standard  of  excellence  in  breed- 
ing and  awarding  prizes  of  merit  to  Irish  terriers  ;  (r)  To  do 
all  in  its  power  to  protect  and  advance  the  interest  of  the 
breed,  by  offering  prizes,  supporting  certain  shows,  and 
taking  any  other  steps  that  may  be  deemed  advisable. 


THE    IRISH    TERRIER.  63 

ESTABLISHMENT   AND    CONSTITUTION. 

Rule  II.  —  That  this  Club  consist  of  a  President,  two 
Vice-Presidents  (one  residing  in  Ireland,  the  other  in  Eng- 
land), a  Committee,  Honorable  Secretary  in  Ireland,  Hon- 
orable Secretary  for  England,  Honorable  Treasurer,  and  an 
unhmited  number  of  members,  whose  names  and  addresses 
shall  be  kept  by  the  Honorable  Secretaries.  That  any 
respectable  person,  favorable  to  the  objects  of  the  Club, 
shall  be  eligible  for  admission  as  a  member,  and  that  each 
candidate  shall  be  proposed  by  one  member  of  the  Club  and 
seconded  by  another.  The  election  of  members  to  be  made 
by  the  Committee  by  voting  papers,  and  one  negative  in  five 
votes  to  exclude.  That,  prior  to  any  name  being  put  up  for 
election,  thirty  shillings  (the  amount  of  entrance  fee  and 
subscription)  shall  be  deposited  with  the  Honorable  Secre- 
tary, to  be  returned  in  the  event  of  non-election. 

SUBSCRIPTION. 
Rule  III. — That  the  annual  subscription  for  each  mem- 
ber shall  be  one  pound,  due  on  ist  of  January  in  each  year, 
and  that  there  be  an  entrance  fee  of  ten  shillings  for  all  but 
"original  members"  of  the  Club.  That  no  one  be  deemed 
a  member,  or  entitled  to  the  privileges  of  membership,  until 
his  annual  subscription  shall  have  been  paid.  That  any 
member  failing  to  pay  his  subscription  by  ist  February, 
shall  be  reminded  of  his  omission  by  the  Honorable  Secre- 
tary;  and  should  it  remain  unpaid  on  ist  March,  he  shall 
cease  to  be  a  member  of  the  Club. 


64  THE    IRISH    TERRIER. 

MANAGEMENT. 

Rule  IV.  —  That  the  affairs  of  the  Ckib  shall  be  con- 
ducted by  a  Committee  consisting  of  fourteen  members  (half 
residing  in  Ireland),  including  the  two  Vice-Presidents,  Sec- 
retaries and  Treasurer,  to  be  elected  annually  by  voting 
papers.  The  name  of  any  member  or  members  put  forward 
for  election  on  the  Committee  must  be  sent,  with  their  pro- 
poser's and  seconder's  names,  to  the  Honorable  Secretary, 
prior  to  the  30th  November  in  each  year.  The  existing 
Committee,  together  with  the  new  candidates,  to  be  then 
submitted  to  each  member  of  the  Club  for  election.  In  the 
event  of  their  being  no  such  candidate,  the  Committee  to 
continue  in  office.  The  voting  papers  to  be  returned  to  the 
Honorable  Secretary,  with  votes  recorded,  on  or  before  a 
fixed  date. 

POWERS    OF    COMMITTEE. 

Rule  V. — That  the  property  of  the  Club  shall  be  vested 
in  the  Committee,  which  shall  have  the  power  to  make  neces- 
sary by-laws,  arbitrate  in  disputed  matters,  or  expel  any 
member  who,  in  their  opinion,  has  been  proved  guilty  of 
dishonorable  conduct,  or  a  breach  of  the  Rules.  That  the 
Committee  shall  also  have  power  to  deal  with  any  question 
not  provided  for  by  the  Rules,  and  also  to  fill  up,  if  thought 
necessary,  any  vacancy  occurring  in  their  numbers  ;  but  their 
selection  must  receive  the  approval  of  the  General  Meeting 
next  ensuing. 


THE    IRISH    TERRIER.  65 

MEETINGS. 

Rule  VL  —  That  two  General  Meetings  of  the  Ckib 
shall  be  held  each  year,  at  such  place  as  the  Committee 
think  desirable. 

METHOD    OF    CONDUCTING    BUSINESS. 

Rule  VII.  —  That,  inasmuch  as  it  is  scarcely  possible 
for  the  Committee  to  meet  more  than  once  or  twice  a  year, 
it  shall  be  competent  for  the  Honorable  Secretaries  to  transact 
all  such  business  as  might  be  done  at  a  meeting  of  the  Com- 
mittee by  letter ;  but  the  replies,  in  writing,  of  the  majority 
of  the  members  of  the  Committee  must  be  obtained  before 
such  business  shall  be  considered  as  having  the  sanction  of 
the  Committee,  and  binding  accordingly. 

JUDGES. 

Rule  VIII.  —  That,  for  the  guidance  of  Dog-Show 
Societies,  a  list  of  gentlemen,  in  the  opinion  of  the  Club 
competent  to  officiate  as  Judges  of  Irish  Terriers,  be  drawn 
up  annually.  The  name  or  names  must  be  sent  in  to  the 
Honorable  Secretary,  with  proposer's  and  seconder's  names, 
prior  to  30th  November  in  each  year.  The  existing  list  of 
Judges,  v>'ith  ?ieu>  candidates,  to  be  then  submitted  to  each 
member  of  the  Club  for  election  ;  those  having  over  fifty  per 
cent,  of  recorded  votes  to  be  considered  elected.  The  voting 
papers  to  be  returned  to  the  Honorable  Secretary,  with  votes 
recorded,  on  or  before  a  hxed  date. 


66  THE    IRISH    TERRIER. 

EXPENSES,    REPORT,    Etc. 

Rule  IX.  —  That  no  expense  be  incurred  by  the  Hon- 
orable Secretaries,  Honorable  Treasurer,  or  by  any  member 
of  the  Committee,  beyond  the  funds  in  hand.  That  an 
Annual  Report,  together  with  the  Rules  of  the  Club,  the 
names  and  addresses  of  the  Members,  Committee,  Officers, 
etc.,  shall  be  printed  and  supplied  to  all  members ;  and  that 
the  Annual  Abstract  of  Accounts  (duly  audited  by  two 
members  elected  a  General  Meeting)  shall  be  open  to  the 
inspection  of  members. 

PRIZES. 

Rule  X.  —  That  two  grand  Challenge  Cups,  one  for 
either  sex,  entitled  "  The  Irish  Terrier  Club  Challenge 
Cups,"  be  offered  by  the  Club,  for  competition  by  Jiienibcrs 
o}ih\  at  two  shows  in  Ireland,  two  in  England,  and  one  in 
Scotland,  each  year,  held  under  Kennel  Club  Rules,  and 
approved  of  by  the  Committee.  The  Cups  to  become  the 
absolute  property  of  any  manber  winning  them  twelve  times. 
That  the  Club's  prizes  shall  only  be  offered  at  such  Shows 
as  appoint  a  Judge  on  the  Club's  list  of  Judges ;  but  when 
a  Show  Committee  is  unable  to  procure  the  services  of  one 
of  the  Club's  approved  Judges,  they  will  be  satisfied  with 
the  appointment  of  the  ''\\'ire-hair  Fox  Terrier  Judge." 
The  Club  medals  or  other  prizes  may  be  offered,  at  the  dis- 
cretion of  the  Committee.  That  the  Committee  be  enabled 
to  demand  solvent  security  from  the  holder  of  the  Challenge 


THE    IRISH    TERRIER.  67 

Cup,  that  he  will  undertake  to  forward  it  to  the  Secretary  of 
any  Show  where  it  is  to  be  competed  for,  one  week  prior  to 
the  date  of  Show,  on  receiving  notice  from  the  Honorable 
Secretary  of  the  Irish  Terrier  Club  to  do  so. 

METHOD    OF    VOTING. 

Rule  XI. — That  at  all  General  Meetings  of  the  Irish 
Terrier  Club,  each  member  be  entitled  to  vote  on  any 
question  by  proxy  at  the  meeting. 

ELIGIBILITY. 

Rule  XII.  —  That  all  dogs  competing  for  Irish  Terrier 
Club  Prizes  must  be  entered  according  to  t/ic  latest  Revised 
Rules  of  the  Kennel  Club. 

ALTERATIONS. 

Rule  XIII.  —  That  none  of  the  foregoing  Rules  be 
altered,  except  at  an  Annual  Meeting  of  the  Club  convened 
for  the  purpose. 


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